As global organizations have started to depend more on the market-leading open systems and cloud environments to increase their reach to the market and improve their business, more online transactions are going on the Internet. As more business transactions are taking place in open networks, it is equally open to the threats from the outside world. While organizations make the most of the marketing information available to the business, they are equally worried about the privacy of the information. Having business-critical applications distributed across, the communication between the clients and applications needs to be established in a more secure way.

In this chapter, we will cover the following:

• Security issues and concerns
• Two-way Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) implementation
• Cloud computing security
• Security as a service (SECaaS)
• Security enhancements in Java 9

Let's start by reviewing security issues and concerns for distributed applications.