Chapter 14
1. K. Natwar Singh, speech by the minister of external affairs at the Indian Association for Central and West Asian Studies (IACWAS), Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 6 October 2004.
2. Ronald Watkins, Unknown Seas: How Vasco da Gama Opened the East (London: John Murray, 2004); A. K. Pasha, India and Oman: History, State, Economy and Foreign Policy, History, State, Economy and Foreign Policy (Delhi: Gyan Sagar 1999), pp. 1–21; N. N. Vohra, ed., History, Culture and Society in India and West Asia (New Delhi: Shipra, 2002).
3. M. Hamid Ansari, ‘Iraq—Open for Business’, AGNI, Vol. 7, No. 4, May–August 2004, p. 18; see also Robert J. Blyth, The Empire of the Raj (London: Macmillan, 2003), pp. 132–69.
4. Faleh Abdul Jaber and Hosham Dawod, eds, Tribes and Power (London: Saqi, 2003), pp. 257–306; A. K. Pasha, ‘India and West Asia’, World Focus, Vol. 25, No. 10-12, October-December 2007, pp. 41–46.
5. M.S. Agwani, ‘Nehru and the Arab World’, Secular Democracy, Nehru Number, 1976, p. 171.
6. Cited in A. K. Pasha, ‘Nehru and the Crises in West Asia’, Détente, Vol. 60, No. 1, May–June 1990, pp. 4–9; see also M.S. Agwani, ‘Ingredients of India’s Arab Policy’, Indian and Foreign Review, Vol. 10, No. 12, April 1973, pp. 12–13.
7. Ibid., see also Ayub Syed, India and the Arab World (Delhi: Orient Publishers, 1965), pp. 13–23.
8. Ibid., see also A. K. Pasha, India and West Asia: Continuity and Change (Delhi: Gyan Sagar, 1999), p. 19.
9. Nejma Heptullah, Indo-West Asian Relations: The Nehru Era (New Delhi: Allied, 1991).
10. Sudha Rao, The Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Indian View (New Delhi: Orient Longman, 1972), pp. 24–29.
11. A. K. Pasha, ‘India and Israel: Growing Cooperation’, World Focus, Vol. 14, No. 8, August 1993, pp. 19–22; see also Richard J. Kozicki, ‘India and the Arab World After Indira Gandhi: Continuity in Foreign Policy’, American–Arab Affairs, Vol. 14, Fall 1985, pp. 1–17.
12. Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s Foreign Policy: Selected Speeches , Sept. 1946–April 1961 (New Delhi: Ministry of Information, Publications Divisions,1961), p. 94.
13. Raj Kishore Srivastava, India’s Relations with the Arab East: 1947–64, PhD thesis, Kanpur University, 1976.
14. A. K. Pasha, Nehru and the Crises in West Asia, pp. 16–35; see also Asha Hans, Indian Diplomacy: The Suez Crises (Delhi: Amar Prakashan, 1983); H. S. Chabra, Nehru and Resurgent Africa (New Delhi: Africa Publications, 1989), pp. 44–51.
15. A. K. Pasha, India and OIC (New Delhi: Centre for Peace Studies, 1995), pp. 3–4.
16. A. K. Pasha, India and OIC; see also A. H. H. Abidi, ‘India’s Policy Towards the Muslim World: Approach and Problems’, Problems of Non-Alignment, Vol. 2, No. 1, March-May 1984, pp. 145–56.
17. A. K. Pasha, India and OIC; see also Pasha, India and West Asia; see also M.S. Agwani, ‘India, Pakistan and West Asia’, International Studies, 1966–67, p.163.
18. A. K. Pasha, India and OIC; and M.S. Rajan, India in World Affairs, 1954–1956 (New Delhi: 1964), p. 151.
19. Pasha, India and OIC, see also Noor Ahmed Baba, OIC: Theory and Practice of Pan-Islamic Cooperation (New Delhi: Sterling, 1994).
20. R. E. Ward, India’s Pro-Arab Policy: A Study in Continuity (New York: Praeger, 1992), p. 85.
21. Chhabra, Nehru and Resurgent Africa, pp. 28–33.
22. A. H. H. Abidi, ‘Relations Between Indian and Iran: 1947–1979’, in A. K. Pasha, ed., India, Iran and the GCC States: Political Strategy and Foreign Policy (New Delhi: Manas, 2000), pp. 236–61.
23. Bharat Kumar, ‘India and the West Asian Crisis’, Surendra Chopra, ed., Studies in India’s Foreign Policy (Amritsar: 1983), p. 335.
24. M.S. Agwani, The West Asian Crisis, 1967 (Meerut: Meenakshi Prakashan, 1968).
25. Krishan Gopal, WANA: A Documentary Study of Major Crises, 1947–1978: With particular reference to Indo-Arab Cooperation (New Delhi: VI. Publications, 1981).
26. K. R. Singh, ‘India and WANA:, International Studies, Vol. 17, Nos 3 and 4, June–October 1978, pp. 625–37.
27. A. K. Pasha, The Gulf in Turmoil (New Delhi: Lancers Books, 1992).
28. Pasha, ‘India and West Asia’; see also A. K. Banerji, ed., The Gulf War and the Energy Crisis in India (Calcutta: K. P. Bagchi, 1993), pp. 141–56.
29. Interview with Outlook (New Delhi), cited in World Focus, No. 278, February 2003, p. 9.
30. A. K. Pasha, ‘India and West Asia: Continuity and Change’, Strategic Analysis, Vol.l6, No. 6, September 1992, pp. 783–804.
31. A. K. Pasha, ‘Communal Revivalism in India: Its Impact of Ties with WANA’, in Muchkund Dubey, ed., Communal Revivalism in India: A Study of External Implications (New Delhi: Har Anand, 1994), pp. 54–88.
32. Ajay N. Jha, India’s Economic Diplomacy in the Gulf (New Delhi: ABC, 1988), see also Anisur Rahman, Indian Labour Migration to the Gulf (New Delhi: Rajat, 2001).
33. Ajay N. Jha, ‘Economic Relations Between the UAE and India: Genesis, Growth and Prospects’, International Studies, Vol. 23 No.3, July–September 1986, pp. 257–85.
34. A. K. Pasha, ‘India and the GCC States: Challenges and Opportunities’, World Focus, Vol. 24, No. 2, February 2003, p.15; see also Ajay N. Jha, ‘Indians in the UAE: Tough Time Ahead’, Third World Calling, November 1986, pp. 3–8.
35. N. Janardhan, ‘GCC–India–Pakistan Ties’, in Gulf Year Book: 2004 (Dubai: Gulf Research Centre, 2005), pp.193–202.
36. A. K. Pasha, ed., ‘India and GCC’, in Riyaz Punjabi and A. K. Pasha, ed., India and the Islamic World (New Delhi: Radiant, 1998), pp. 34–48.
37. Dubey, Communal Revivalism in India, pp. 54–88.
38. Pasha, ‘India and the GCC States’; Janardhan, ‘GCC–India–Pakistan Ties.’
39. Muhammad Azhar, ‘GCC Aid to India’, in A. K. Pasha, ed., Perspectives on India and the Gulf States (New Delhi: Detente, 1999), pp. 190–207.
40. Janardhan, ‘GCC–India–Pakistan Ties’, see also A. K. Pasha, ed., India and Kuwait: Strategic, Economic and Political Developments (Delhi: Gyan Sagar, 1999).
41. Pasha, ‘India and OIC’, pp. 3–4; see also Ajay N. Jha, ‘Pakistan as a Factor in Indo–Saudi Relations’, IDSA Journal; see also M.S. Agwani, ‘Pakistan and Pan-Islamism’, in Surendra Chopra, ed., Perspectives on Pakistan’s Foreign Policy (Amritsar: 1983).
42. A. K. Pasha, ‘Perspectives on Indo-Saudi Relations’, in his Perspectives on India and the Gulf States, pp. 208–27; see also Ajay N. Jha, ‘New Dimensions in Indo-Saudi Economic Relations’, Problems of Non-Alignment, Vol. 2, No.3, September-November, 1984,pp. 283–94.
43. Muhammad Azhar, Contemporary Gulf Economics and Indo-Gulf Relations (New Delhi: New Horizon, 1999), pp. 1999–1220.
44. Janardhan, ‘GCC-India-Pakistan Ties’; see also A. H. H. Abidi, ed., Indo-Gulf Economic Relations: Pattern, Prospects, and Policies (New Delhi: Intellectual, 1989), pp. 81–118.
45. See Javed Ahmad Khan, India and West Asia: Emerging Markets in the Liberalization Era (New Delhi: Sage, 1999).
46. A. K. Pasha, India, Bahrain and Qatar: Political, Economic and Strategic Dimensions (Delhi: Gyan Sagar, 1999); and Javed Ahmad Khan, India’s Search for Natural Gas in the Persian Gulf, ATWS Monograph 10 (New Delhi:JMI, ATWS, 2004.); see also Ajay N.Jha, ‘India’s relations with Bahrain, Oman and Qatar: Need for a Fresh Perspective’, India Journal of Politics, Vol. 18, June, 1984, pp.101–14.
47. Pasha, ‘India and Oman’; and Bansidhar Pradhan, ‘Indo-Omani Relations’, pp.72–90.
48. Janardhan, ‘GCC-India-Pakistan Ties’; Government of Oman, Oman in Focus (New Delhi: Embassy of Oman, 2005), pp.18–21, 50–52 and 56–60.
49. Pasha, ‘India and the GCC States’; see also S. Hassain Zaidi, Black Friday: The True Story of the Bombay Bomb Blasts (New Delhi: Penguin 2002); M.L. Sondhi and Apratin Mukarji, ed., The Black Book of Gujarat (New Delhi: Manak, 2002); Paul Mike, Racial Hegemony: Gujarat Genocide (Chennai: IDEAS 2002); and Harsh Mander, Cry, My Beloved Country: Reflections on the Gujarat Carnage and its Aftermath (Noida: Rainbow Publishers 2004).
50. P.R. Mudiam, India and the Middle East (London: British Academic Press, 1994), p. 64.
51. A. K. Pasha, ed., ‘Iraq: Foreign Intervention and Regime Change’, in Contemporary Gulf: State, Society, Economy and Foreign Policy (New Delhi: Détente, 1999).
52. A. K. Pasha, ‘The Recent Gulf Crisis: India’s Options’, Strategic Analysis, Vol. 57, No. 10, January 1995, pp. 127–86.
53. Pasha, India and Kuwait.
54. Dubey, Communal Revivalism in India.
55. Pasha, ‘The Recent Gulf Crisis’.
56. A. K. Pasha, Iraq: Sanctions and Wars (New Delhi: Sterling, 2003).
57. A. K. Pasha, ‘The Iraq Crisis: An Overview’, World Focus, Vol. 25, No.1, January 2004, pp. 3–6; see also A. K. Pasha, ‘Iraq and its Future: An Overview’, World Focus, Vol. 25, No. 2, February 2005, pp. 3–6.
58. Pasha, India and West Asia; see also Bansidhar Pradhan, ‘Changing Dynamics of India’s West Asia Policy’, International Studies, Vol. 41, No.1 January–March, 2004.
59. Bansidhar Pradhan, ‘India’s Policy Towards the PLO’, in Riyaz Punjabi and A. K. Pasha, eds, India and the Islamic World (New Delhi: Radiant, 1998), pp. 65–83.
60. A. K. Pasha, ‘Indo-Israeli Cooperation’, Asian Affairs, Vol. 1, No.5, London, March 1997, pp. 22–23.
61. A. K. Pasha, ‘India and Israel: Great Leap Forward’, Third Concept, February 1997, pp. 11–13.
62. A. K. Pasha, Iraq: Sanctions and Wars.
63. A. K. Pasha, ‘Arafat, Palestinians and the Future’, Mainstream Vol. 42, No. 50, 4 December 2004, pp. 11–13.
64. Ibid; see also A. K. Pasha, ‘Palestinians after Arafat: Struggling to Survive’, Hard News, Vol. 2, No. 1, December 2004, pp. 60–61.
65. Ibid; see also A. K. Pasha, ‘Conflict Resolution and the Palestinian Peace Process’, in A. K. Banerji, ed., Conflict Resolution in the Post-Cold War Era (Calcutta: Minerva, 2000), pp. 72–91; see also Gulf News, 10 and 15 September 2004.
66. G. E. Robbis, ‘Being Yasser Arafat: A Portrait of Palestine’s President’, Foreign Affairs, November-December 2003.
67. Kuwait Times, 8 November 2004, p. 11; see also M.S. Agwani, Contemporary West Asia (New Delhi: Har Anand, 1995), pp.147–254.
68. A. K. Pasha, Egypt in a Changing World (New Delhi: National, 2003), pp.15–24.
69. Ibid; see also Khalil Shikaki, ‘The Future of Palestine’, Foreign Affairs, November-December 2004.
70. M. S. Doran, ‘Palestine, Iraq and American Strategy’, Foreign Affairs, January–February 2003, see also Sukumar Muralidharan, ‘Intelligence, Incompetence and Iraq, or Time to Talk of Democracy, Demography and Israel’, Social Scientist, Vol. 32, Nos 11–12, November–December 2004, pp. 21–80.
71. Hindu, 26 November 2004.
72. A. K. Pasha, ‘Post-Arafat Palestine’, World Focus, Vol. 26, No. 5, May 2005; see also Avi Shalim, The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World (London: Penguin 2004).
73. A. K. Pasha, ‘India, Iran and the GCC States: Common Political and Strategic Concerns’, Encounter, March–April 1998, pp. 66–74.
74. Pasha, India and OIC.
75. See G. Pant, P. C. Jain and A. K. Pasha, Contemporary Iran and Emerging Indo-Iranian Relations (New Delhi: Neelkanth, 1996).
76. Daily Star, Beirut, 27 June 2005; Gulf News, 16, 22, 24, 26 and 29 June 2005.
77. G. Pant, et al., Contemporary Iran and Emerging Indo-Iranian Relations, pp. 24–26.
78. A. K. Pasha, India, Iran and the GCC States: Political Strategy and Foreign Policy (New Delhi: Manas, 2000).
79. A. K. Pasha, ‘Why is the Islamic World Important for India?’, Hard News, Vol. 1, No. 7, June 2004, pp. 56–57.