Index

1G, see Evolution

2G, see Evolution

3G, 5–6

3G market penetration, 1

Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM), 23

addressing and identification,

added identifiers for IEEE 802.16m, 73

in IEEE 802.16–2009, 71–3

in LTE and LTE-Advanced, 151–3

Advanced WirelessMAN, 48

air interface,

IEEE 802.16–2009, 43

IEEE 802.16m, 48

LTE, 134

LTE-Advanced, 135

ARQ/HARQ,

in IEEE 802.16–2009, 98

in IEEE 802.16j-2009, 103

in IEEE 802.16m, 105

in LTE, 182

in LTE-Advanced, 187

bandwidth requests and grants,

in IEEE 802.16, 86, 102

in LTE and LTE-Advanced, 175

capacity,

network capacity, 260

VoIP capacity requirement, 12

carrier aggregation,

concept, 25

in IEEE 802.16m, 48

in LTE-Advanced, 184

cell selection in LTE and LTE-Advanced,

acquiring system information, 164

cell selection and reselection, 163

PLMN selection, 162

channel state information, 23

classification (of services/flows or bearers),

in LTE and LTE-Advanced, 175

in WiMax, 89–93

coexistence, 227–47

approaches to inter-technology access, 230

examples, 231–4

intersystem interference, 227–8

cognitive radio, dynamic spectrum, 261

comparison,

architecture, 223

coexistence, 227–47

MIMO Implementation, 217

OFDMA Implementation, 216

QoS support, 237–47

relay adoption, 222

comparison

spectral efficiency, 216

spectrum flexibility, 219

Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) transmission/reception

concept, 33–5

in LTE-Advanced, 184

dynamic channel assignment, 24

enabling technologies, 20–37

evolution, 3–5, 213–6

entities, 129

Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 129

towards IMT-Advanced, 252–3

femtocells

concept, 30

future role, 255, 260

in IEEE 802.16m, 46, 119

in LTE-Advanced, 133, 196

out-of-band, 256

flat architectures, 263

X2 interface, 133, 198

frame structure,

coexistence, 227–30

in IEEE 802.16–2009, 59–62

in IEEE 802.16j-2009, 62–7

in LTE, 135–47

in LTE-Advanced, 151

OFDMA implementation, 216

frequency reuse, 24

functional split in LTE and LTE-Advanced, 130–1, 170

future of IMT-Advanced

architecture, 263

cognitive radio, dynamic spectrum, 261

flat architecture, 263

green wireless access, 265–6

heterogeneity, 261

network capacity, 260

network intelligence, 262

radio resource management, 263–5

green wireless access, 265–6

handovers,

in LTE, and LTE-Advanced, 189–201

in WiMAX, 108–20

inter-technology handovers, 36

IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) addressing and identification, 71

flow identifier (in IEEE 802.16m), 73

logical identifiers, 71

management connection types, 71

service flow identifier, 72

station identifier (in IEEE 802.16m), 73

tunnel connection ID, 73

IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) QoS measures

throughput, 88

delay, 88

jitter, 88

priority, 88

IEEE 802.16–2009

addressing and identification, see

IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX)

addressing and identification

advanced, see IEEE 802.16m

air interface, 43

ARQ/HARQ, 98

bandwidth grants, 96

bandwidth requests, 96

handover, see IEEE 802.16–2009

handover process

multihop relay, see IEEE 802.16j-2009

network entry, see IEEE 802.16–2009 network entry

persistent scheduling, 97

protocol reference model, 44

QoS measures, see IEEE 802.16

(WiMAX) QoS measures

QoS measures, see IEEE 802.16

(WiMAX) QoS measures

QoS signaling, 93

security, see IEEE 802.16–2009

security

service classification, 89

service flow creation, management and deletion, 95

services, 92–3

IEEE 802.16j-2009

ARQ/HARQ, 103

bandwidth requests and grants, 102

centralized operation, 43

centralized scheduling, 102

decentralized operation, 43

distributed scheduling, 102

frame structure, see IEEE 802.16j-2009 frame structure

functionality overview, 48–57

handover, see IEEE 802.16j-2009

handover process

network entry, see IEEE 802.16j-2009 network entry

path establishment and removal, 101

QoS signaling, 99

security, see IEEE 802.16j security

service classification, 99

service flow creation, change, deletion, 99

transparent vs. non-transparent, 42

IEEE 802.16m

air interface, 48

ARQ/HARQ, 105

emergency service flow, 104

frame structure, 69–70

frame structure, see IEEE 802.16m frame strucuture

handover, see IEEE 802.16m

handover process

legacy support, 70

LZone, 70

MZone, 70

network architecture, 46

network entry, see IEEE 802.16m

network entry

network reference model, 46

QoS parameters, 104

security, see IEEE 802.16m

security

service classification, 104

IEEE 802.16–2009 frame structure

band AMC, 60

FDD frame structure, 62

Full Usage of Subcarriers (FUSC), 59

Partial Usage of Subcarriers (PUSC), 60

TDD frame structure, 60

Tile Usage of Subcarriers (TUSC), 60

IEEE 802.16j-2009 frame structure, access zones, 62

frame structure in non-transparent

relaying, 65

frame structure in transparent

relaying, 63

limitation on number of hops, 63

relay frame structure, 62

relay zones, 62

R-MAP, 65

Simultaneous

Transmit-and-Receive (STR), 67

Time Division

Transmit-and-Receive (TTR), 67

IEEE 802.16–2009 network entry, contentions, 77

initial ranging, 77–8

periodic ranging, 78–80

periodic ranging in OFDM, 79

procedures, 75

ranging codes, 78

RNG-REQ, 77

IEEE 802.16j-2009 network entry, 80

initial ranging, 82

non-transparent relaying ranging, 83

periodic ranging, 83

ranging codes, 82

RS entry, 80

IEEE 802.16j-2009 network entry

RS network entry optimization, 80

transparent relay ranging, 82

IEEE 802.16m network entry, 84

AMS states, 84

ARS states, 85

IEEE 802.16–2009 handover process

acquiring network topology, 109

association procedures, 109

drop 112

fast BS switching, 112

flowchart, 108

levels of association, 110

macro-diversity handovers, 112

rendezvous time, 110

scanning neighbor BS, 109

termination, 111

topology advertisement, 109

IEEE 802.16j-2009, handover process

flowchart, 116

MR-BS and RS behavior, 114

RS handover, 115

IEEE 802.16m, handover process

ABS-to-ABS, 117

femtocells, 119

inter-RAT handovers, 119

mixed (ABS-to-Legacy, Legacy-to-ABS), 118

multicarrier, 120

relay, 119

IEEE 802.16–2009 security, 121

authentication, 122

EAP, 122

encryption, 123

PKM, PKMv1, PKMv2, 122–3

RSA, 122

security associations, 122

stack, 123

Traffic Encryption Key (TEK) 123

IEEE 802.16j-2009 security, centralized, 124,

distributed, 124

security zones, 125

IEEE 802.16m security

differences from IEEE 802.16–2009, 125

stack, 125

IEEE 802.21, 36

IMT-2000, see 3G

IMT-Advanced,

enabling technologies, 20–37

market outlook, 253

motivation for, 5–6

requirements, 6–13

IMT-Advanced requirements, 6–13

bandwidth, 10

cell edge user spectral efficiency, 10

cell spectral efficiency, 10

handover interruption times, 11–12

latency, 10–11

overview, 6–10

peak spectral efficiency, 10

rates per mobility classes, 11

spectrum, 13

VoIP capacity, 12

IMT-Advanced Market,

backhaul bottleneck, 256

demand increase, 251

evolution, 252–3

outlook, 253

readiness, 256–7

small cells, 255

spectrum, 254

the WiFi spread, 256

interference cancellation, 34

inter-technology handovers,

adoption examples, 233–4

concept, 36

in IEEE 802.16m, 119

in LTE, LTE-Advanced, 195–6

Long Term Evolution (LTE)

addressing, 153

advanced, see LTE-Advanced

air interface, 134

ARQ/HARQ, 182

bearer classification, 175

CONNECTED state mobility, 193–5

dedciated bearer, 176–7

default bearer, 7

Evolved Packet Core, 129

frame structure, 147

functional split, 130–1

home eNBs, 133

identification, 152

IDLE state mobility, 192–3

interfaces, 133

mobility drivers in LTE, 190–2

mobility state transitions, 190

overview, 135–5

QoS measures, see LTE QoS

measures

radio protocol architecture, 132–3

resource block strucuture, 149

S1 mobility signaling, 201

scheduling, 180–1

signalling for bandwidth requests and grants, 175

UE states, state transitions, see

LTE UE state transitions

X2 mobility signaling, 198

LTE QoS measures

Delay, 174

Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate, 174

Guaranteed Bit Rate, 174

Maximum Bit Rate, 174

Packet Loss, 174

Priority, 174

Throughput, 173

LTE security,

architecture, 205

EPS Authentication and Key

Agreement (AKA), 209

EPS key hierarchy, 206–7

procedures between UE and EPC

Elements, 209

stack, 204

rationale, 203

state transitions and mobility, 208

LTE UE state transitions, 161

acquiring system information, 164

cell selection and reselection, 163

connection establishment, 165–7

connection reconfiguration, 168

connection re-establishment, 169

connection release, 169

mapping between AS and NAS

States, 170

PLMN Selection, 162

random access procedure, 165

LTE-Advanced

air interface, 135

cell reselection, 196

femtocells, 196

frame structure, 151

handover, 196

inter-RAT mobility, 195

QoS, see LTE-Advanced QoS

relaying 135

LTE-Advanced QoS

carrier-aggregation, 184

Coordinated Multi-Point

Transmission/Reception (CoMP), 184

relaying, 185

centralized scheduling, 187

distributed scheduling, 187

HARQ, 187

scheduling, 187

Media Independent Handovers

(MIH), see IEEE 802.21

mobility, see Handovers

multicarrier modulation, 20–3

Orthogonal Frequency Division

Multiplexing (OFDM), 20–1

Orthogonal Frequency Division

Multiple Access (OFDMA), 22

Single-Carrier Frequency Division

Multiple Access

(SC-FDMA), 22

multiple antenna techniques, 27

multiple input multiple output, 27

inter-cell, 35

network architecture,

IEEE 802.16–2009, 41, 44

IEEE 802.16m, 45–6

LTE and LTE-Advanced, 129–32

network entry,

in IEEE 802.16–2009, 75–9

in IEEE 802.16j-2009, 80–3

in IEEE 802.16m, 84–5

in LTE and LTE-Advanced, 161–5

OECD, 1

Peak to Average Power Ratio

(PAPR), 21–2

persistent scheduling, 97

Polling in WiMAx

Contention-based CDMA

bandwidth request, 97

Multicast and broadcast, 97

PM bit, 97

Unicast, 97

Quality of Service (QoS) measures,

delay, 88, 174

in LTE and LTE-Advanced, 173–4

in WiMax, 88

jitter, 88

packet loss, 174

throughput, 88, 173

traffic priority, 88, 174

QoS support comparison

Downlink, 245–6

Uplink, 243–5

comparison, 246–7

Power Consumption, 247

Uplink technology, 247

VoIP, 246–7

in LTE and LTE-Advanced, 243–6

in WiMax, 237–42

radio resource management, 263–5

relaying,

adoption comparison, 222

concept, 29

in IEEE 802.16–2009, 62–3, 80–3, 99–103, 114–16

in IEEE 802.16m, 85, 119, 124–5

in LTE-Advanced, 135, 185–7

requirements,

comparison, 216, 219

IEEE 802.16m, 14–15

IMT-Advanced, 6–13

LTE-Advanced, 13–14

S1 interface, 133, 201

scheduling,

comparison, 237–42

in LTE and LTE-Advanced, 102, 180–1, 187, 243–6

in WiMAX, 93–8, 102, 237–42

security,

in IEEE 802.16–2009, 121–3

in IEEE 802.16j-2009, 123–5

in IEEE 802.16m-2009

in LTE and LTE-Advanced, 203–9

services in WiMax, 92–3

best effort, 93

extended real time Polling

Services (ertPS), 93

non-real time Polling Services (nrtPS), 93

real time Polling Services (rtPS), 93

Unsolicited Grant Services (UGS), 92

spectrum,

adoption comparison, 219

IMT-Advanced requirement, 13

outlook, 254

states, state transitions,

in IEEE 802.16m, 84–5,

in LTE and LTE-Advanced, 161–70, 190

throughput measures in LTE and LTE-Advanced, 173–4

Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate, 174

Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR), 174

Maximum Bit Rate (MBR), 174

throughput measures in WiMAX, 88

maximum sustained rate, 88

maximum traffic burst, 88

minimum reserved traffic rate, 88

wideband transmissions, 25

WiMAX, see IEEE 802.16, IEEE 802.16j or IEEE 802.16m

wireless demand in 2015 and 2020, 259, 260

WirelessMAN, 43

X2 interface, 133, 198