Chapter 17


Navigate uncertainty

As a leader you need to acknowledge the reality of constant uncertainty, prioritise experimentation and build resilience into your people and processes

If one of your key roles as a leader is to give your people the clarity and confidence that provides a licence to operate, an equal and opposite requirement is to deal with the climate of uncertainty that you will face. You’ll have to expect the unexpected and deal with situations for which no amount of organisation or planning can prepare you. That’s where developing an adaptive mindset, emphasising an action bias and fostering collaborative problem-solving will give you and your team a clear competitive advantage in uncertain times, enabling you to act quickly while other leaders, teams, companies and organisations dither, panic or wait out the storm, paralysed by fear of the unknown.

Words of wisdom: Be ready to manage the unexpected

The qualities that I associate with great leaders and great leadership are vision, values, judgement, drive and influence. An ability to drive growth and nurture talent, strong principles demonstrated in words and deeds, a willingness to confront issues boldly, a capacity for fairness, truthfulness, humanity, humilityan obsession with colleagues and customers.

We are operating in uncertain times so emerging leaders have to be ready to anticipate and manage the unexpected, be agile, imaginative and robust in dealing with change. I was taught pretty early on in my career that ‘business is about relationships’. Those relationships with colleagues and customers can produce transformational work and great results under the right leadership.

CILLA SNOWBALL, GROUP CHAIRMAN AND GROUP CEO OF AMV BBDO

An ability to acknowledge and navigate uncertainty is at the heart of modern leadership. Yes, make a plan that sets a mission, guiding principles and a time-frame for achieving your goals. But how you get there will be a matter for constant iteration and reinvention.

An element of managed chaos is the reality for many of today’s leaders and that’s something you need to embrace as a leader. It means you can never have all the answers, and you should embrace that too. Your role is not to be omniscient, but to have the courage to embrace uncertainty and equip your team to do the same. In today’s fast-moving market, far better to be a growth hacker than a monument builder.

All the careful planning in the world cannot anticipate hidden icebergs and unforeseen developments. What do we mean by that? Well, if the first part of effective leadership is the ability to make and shape a plan, the second is to know when you need to rip it up. Sometimes, circumstances will simply dictate that your course of action has been blown off course; and at that stage you may need to intervene with a change of plan.

Do think carefully before you blow your team off course – ask yourself whether you’re overreacting to one new data point. Ask yourself whether you’ve been here before in a similar situation. Ask yourself whether there are alternatives you haven’t considered. Ask yourself whether there’s anyone else you should talk to who could help you make a better decision. And if you ask yourself all these questions and continue to believe that a change in plan or strategy is needed, then it’s time to talk to your team, explaining to them why the change has come about, being clear about what it means for them and their current projects, and asking for their feedback and suggestions for how to make the change a success.

You shouldn’t aim to be a chaotic leader, but you must accept that you are leading in what is often a chaotic world; don’t let external macroeconomic uncertainty or internal organisational processes stand in your way of making swift decisions and changes when they become necessary. If you want to inspire your team to embrace change, the best way to that is to lead by example.

Many changes will be beyond your control and cannot be averted or prevented – an acquisition, a new market entrant, or economic recession. But you can be mentally and culturally prepared for change by building resilience into your people and processes. Try to work with short planning cycles, allowing you to shift priorities if the market moves around you. And while you may still want to set people quarterly objectives, be prepared that these will likely have to change: that’s fine, as long as you explain why the change is happening, and make sure you’re de-prioritising other workstreams to allow time to focus on the new priorities. You don’t want to be simply piling on additional responsibilities as that will dilute focus and demotivate your team.

In our experience, once people understand that you are thinking through the impact of change and considering how it will affect them, they’ll be much more willing to embrace the change and focus on the best ways to make it work.

Context-switching or changing direction mid-project can be especially distracting and demotivating when it affects an entire team, so if priorities do change it’s important you explain why. Let your team know what’s driven the change in direction, acknowledge that this will affect their outputs and ask for their suggestions on how to best manage the impact and build momentum for the new direction quickly. Here are some proactive strategies for helping you lead through change and uncertainty.

SHARE INFORMATION

When an unexpected change occurs, everyone can feel blind-sided. As leader, you can respond by sharing the information you know. The more information you can share on what happened and why, and what the next steps are, the more you can start to alleviate anxiety produced by shocks and major change events. It helps everybody to know that someone is taking responsibility, and your people will get behind you and support your attempts to regain a sense of equilibrium. If you don’t have any information to share, then let people know that you don’t have the information to share yet, but that you are going to find it out. In moments of uncertainty or calamity it’s very reassuring for people to hear from their leader, and to get a sense of how you are responding. A vacuum of information creates anxiety, and unhelpful rumours creep in to fill the gaps. More often than not, the change is not as dramatic as people might fear, so having regular update meetings will help. You are not alone; you can bring your team together to discuss, to seek opinions, to brainstorm ideas for how to keep moving forward.

PRIORITISE

Don’t try to do everything at once. When events are in flux, it doesn’t make sense to try to control or respond to everything. Prioritise. Focus on what is most important to tackle first, and next, and third. Allow yourself to feel okay with ambiguity and feeling out of control for a period. Sometimes events need to run their course and they settle down after a few days. Sometimes you have to react fast, and sometimes the best reaction is to wait until it is the right time to act. As you continue to gain experience and confidence in major change situations, the more your instinct grows on how to respond.

ENJOY THE ADRENALIN RUSH

Let’s be realistic. The fast pace of change in the world, accelerated in a large part by new digital advancements, is the new normal. So, you may as well hop on board and enjoy the rush! Get comfortable with feeling uncomfortable. Be relaxed about yet another major change event. The more you realise that unpredictability is the new predictability, then you can just let go and liberate yourself from having to be in control all the time. Don’t see ‘leading through change’ as an event that will pass. See it as the new normal and make peace with that.

Perhaps you could set some personal boundaries for yourself so that you enjoy the rush but are not hyper-alert as this would lead to burn out. You don’t have to be ‘switched on 24/7’. Perhaps you could walk to work, breathe fresh air, look at the sky and learn how to pace yourself to cope with a business that moves so quickly.

STAY PURPOSE-DRIVEN

In turbulent times, it is more important than ever to stay driven by your leadership purpose. When we are tested by change, our purpose can provide us with a steadiness and steadfastness. After all, who you are, why you want to lead and how you want to lead, remain constant. With a strong sense of core purpose, you will know how to react and how to respond, and how to continue to lead regardless of what is happening around you. Without purpose, you are just swaying this way and that, at the mercy of the events rather than staying the course on what you set out to do.

KEEP MOVING FORWARD AND KEEP COMMUNICATING

Sometimes it may feel like you are not making any progress. However, at those most difficult moments, be resilient and don’t give up. Keep going. Just put one foot in front of the other, and keep going. Tell yourself that no effort is wasted and you will turn a corner soon. If you give up, it is over. But if you keep trying, there is a chance for progress. Entrepreneurs have a lot to teach leaders of corporations about the challenges of trying to make things happen and get a result. This kind of entrepreneurial intelligence – resourcefulness, pure dogged determination – is the kind of tenacity that is required during testing times of change. Remember to keep communicating and bringing others along with you. You can’t do this alone!

KEEP PERSPECTIVE!

When we’re very close to events and in a challenging situation, it can be hard to keep a sense of perspective and see the bigger picture. We can create negative downward spirals, when, for example, a pessimistic outlook leads to reluctance to take risk and we retrench rather than expand our range of possibilities. Life is not plain sailing. No matter where you work or what your role, there will be good days and bad days. Resilience is about keeping perspective and mastering the ability to helicopter above the situation and realise that it may not be as bad as you first thought. If you suffer a setback, you can learn from the situation, chalk it down to experience and realise that you’re not the first one or the only one who’s had to bounce back from a difficult situation. You’ve got this!

Action: In the role you’re in right now, what is your biggest opportunity to have a positive impact on your team or business? Now make a list of three things you currently do that you or your team could stop doing in order to free up time for experimenting with the bigger, higher impact opportunity you’ve just identified. Better still, workshop this exercise with your team and you may find you have more time than you thought to try something new.

Sarah says: Growth hacking

A great mindset for helping to navigate change is growth hacking. Technically speaking, this refers to the rapid, real-time experimentation, iteration and development of marketing approaches to build and engage a customer base. A growth hacking mentality is about being alive to opportunities to take your business forward, especially those that fall outside the day-to-day routine and those that can have an outsized impact with minimal spend and within a short space of time.

One of my favourite growth hacks is from the early days of Unruly, in 2010, when we were a small start-up of 20 people. The Government was launching its Tech City initiative to promote the London digital start-up scene and the Prime Minister, David Cameron, was hosting an event in East London with the great and good of the tech world in attendance.

Given we were hardly known at that point, unsurprisingly we didn’t make it on to the invite list. So we invited ourselves. Specifically, our team stood outside the venue, holding Unruly-branded cushions, as the VIPs filed past us for the launch. Half of them thought we were picketing the event, and the other half that we were the official sponsors! The stunt had the desired effect; we made lots of incredible contacts and got on to the 6pm news that evening. All for an investment that cost us no more than our time.

Three years after our stunt, we were a bigger, better known business. And when Tech City came to launch their signature Future 50 programme, they came to our offices to host the event. We had gone from being the upstart on the outside of the big launch, to being very much on the inside.

Whatever your size and reputation, you can make an impact. Being part of a big company where you have access to big budgets may feel like an advantage, but sometimes it can stifle imagination and lead to overly cautious decision making. Being resource-constrained forces careful prioritisation and often leads to better and less obvious results. We believe that imagination trumps big budgets and with a clear ambition and eye for an opportunity, you can go a long way on your wits alone. And that’s what growth hacking is really all about.

Championing innovation

The most effective way to build resilience into your leadership ethos and at the same time to future-proof your business is through enabling, encouraging and in fact expecting innovation and experimentation within your teams.

As a stepping up leader, see your role as setting an example to the rest of the team: the quest for new and better ways of delivering wow shouldn’t be an interesting sideline, but a central part of how the entire team thinks and acts. And if that quest involves a fair amount of wrong turns and false dawns, that’s fine! Innovation is by its nature speculative, exploratory and likely to fail, so there’ll be plenty of ideas that don’t work out.

Your role up front is to help filter the new ideas so the ones that get developed are aligned with the team’s mission and goals. Next, you’ll need to make sure that people’s time is freed up to experiment and you’ll want to help your team set KPIs (key performance indicators) against the test before it gets underway. Once it gets going, encourage a rapid feedback cycle so that you and the rest of the team can make suggestions and observations that will give the experiment a better chance of success. Finally, regardless of the outcome, recognise the importance of continuous innovation, celebrate the effort that’s been put in and disseminate the learnings as broadly as possible so that team members feel motivated and empowered to keep on exploring new opportunities.

Equally, there are some approaches and techniques which can help minimise the risk and maximise the outcomes of new experiments. Here are some suggestions for how you can step up innovation in your team and in doing so build up your reputation within your business as an innovator – someone who recognises and capitalises on the opportunities afforded by new technologies and platforms.

BUILD FROM THE MIDDLE

Don’t take the approach that every new idea needs to be lovingly built up, brick by brick from the bottom, like a medieval cathedral. There simply isn’t time for that. By the time you’re ready for the topping out ceremony, the market will already have moved on.

Forget starting with foundations and instead begin in the middle. Don’t waste three months making and positioning the cornerstone; build the altar and see whether people will rally to it. What that means in practice is you need to start at the heart of the problem you’re trying to solve, or the opportunity you want to unlock. Whether that’s raising awareness of your business in a new market or building a new app to give your customers a better mobile experience, try and identify the nub of the issue: how you could most quickly do something that demonstrates the idea is worth taking further.

The key thing is to test your riskiest assumption as early as possible – before you waste time adding bells and whistles. When market conditions are changing so quickly, and time and money are precious resources, it’s much better to fail fast than to fail slowly.

People often ask us, how do you know if you’ve failed or not? Sometimes it can be difficult to tell, especially when you’re in the thick of it. That’s why it’s critical to be data driven here as there’s always a temptation to be swayed by how strongly you feel about an idea or a project. So set clear metrics for what constitutes good/better/best before you start the test and before you get emotionally attached to the project – this will keep you honest!

TEST, LEARN AND TEST AGAIN

With new ideas and experiments, you’re often best served by starting small. Test your ideas at limited scale, in just one market or for just one type of customer so you get to the result faster, so you can A/B test how your experiment performed versus what was there already, and so you contain any unforeseen issues without affecting the whole customer base. Based on what you learn, once you’ve proved out an idea on a small scale, this gives you the case study to go big with the idea. You’ll be much more likely to convince your boss and stakeholders to restructure the ops team/use a new analytics provider/crowd-source your weekly agenda if you’ve piloted the idea on a small scale first and ironed out the kinks.

Don’t labour over new experiments. Focus on getting something done, and not making it perfect first time around. See how it goes and most importantly what you can learn. Then refine your approach, try again and see how the results differ. Think of experimentation as many low-cost, low-risk test runs that help you to understand whether there’s a worthwhile idea to pursue and, if so, how you can best develop it at larger scale.

CREATE SPACES TO INSPIRE CREATIVITY AND SAFETY

To keep your team grounded when so much is changing can be a challenge. As you foster your culture of continuous innovation and collaboration, think what you could do with the physical spaces in your workplace to give people room to meet and share ideas. For me, the kitchen table is the most important piece of furniture in the office, and the most important office appliance is not the printer, it’s the coffee machine. It’s so important to have a space where people can eat together, slurp tea together, dream up ideas together and troubleshoot together in a space that feels safe, a place where they feel encouraged to be themselves, rather than a formal boardroom where people tend to be less natural, more on their guard and as a result less able to think creatively and behave empathetically. If you’re part of a smaller company, this space doesn’t have to be within your office; it could be a park bench round the corner where you eat a packed lunch and feed the ducks together; it could be a coffee shop where you all feel relaxed and are more likely to come up with a name for that new product you’ve been stewing over.

And if you don’t have a team or you have limited influence over your workspace, don’t let that stop you – think about your own desk and how you could hack that square metre of space to become a conversation starter that supports the goals of the organisation. My own desk has a row of favourite business books so I can lend them to people really easily. Our dev team has their walls filled with memes and photoshopped images, the sales team likes to scrawl the week’s wins on a white board, and the design team has a wall of nerf guns ready to shoot. What could you do to make your own desk or your team’s bank of desks a talking point that inspires conversation and creative thinking within your company?

USE RITUALS TO MAINTAIN A STEADY PULSE

When the political climate is so febrile, your industry is in a state of constant flux, and your business model is being reinvented around you every day, it’s easy for things to feel out of control and that’s the last thing you want to feel as a stepping up leader.

Focus on the things you can control and keep a steady pulse where possible. Whether it’s Monday stand-ups or Friday beers, weekly one-to-ones or exec open hours, regular pub quizzes or quarterly Town Halls, rituals ensure that there’s a framework, a scaffold that underpins the activity that’s going on.

Sarah says: Nothing’s gonna stop us now

At Unruly, we’ve found that music is a powerful tool for strengthening team rituals, as well as being a great way to create a positive atmosphere. Music in the gym has long been the norm; as you’re honing your leadership muscles I’d definitely recommend using music to raise your energy levels, motivate your team and create memorable rituals. First thing on a Monday morning, at the Unruly All Hands stand-up, the UK office is called to the meeting point by the distinctive tones of either Bob Marley (Get Up, Stand Up), Ben E. King (Stand By Me) or One Direction (Stand Up) ringing out across the office.

At the Ops team stand-up meeting on a Friday morning, in addition to our staple Friday stand-up questions – can you share one thing you learnt this week and one challenge you’re aware of going into the weekend? – we have a wildcard question, which is often music related: ‘What’s your favourite song this week?’ or ‘Name a piece of music that’s moved you’. We then make a shared Spotify playlist, where everyone adds the song they’ve chosen and listens to the playlist on a Friday afternoon. It’s often motivational music that helps us power through the final hours of the working week and creates a talking point for the team over Friday beers.

When I asked Unrulies to suggest some tracks for a #SteppingUp playlist, the shared document was flooded with 150+ suggestions in minutes – and you’ve seen a selection of those choices listed at the end of each chapter. Music tastes are notoriously subjective so you may well prefer to create your own playlist, but in case you find yourself in need of some ready-to-play inspiration, the extended #SteppingUp playlist lives on Spotify.

We’ve talked a lot in this book about the pace of change and how you need to embrace that to step up as a leader. But that doesn’t mean you have to do everything at breakneck speed. The need for speed is becoming a business truism, but in many cases it’s the more patient leader who is best placed to assess and take advantage of opportunities. You want a balance between managing fast and slow, between stepping up to act and stepping back to pause and reflect, so be careful not to rush at opportunities just because they’re there.

Sometimes the best decisions are those made when you’ve had a little time to reflect, rather than charging straight into something. You can be too early to markets, products and deals. Pick the races you want to run in carefully. Sometimes it’s OK to be the one who hangs back for a better view while everyone else is going hell for leather.

In a business world full of hares, there can be an advantage sometimes (though certainly not always!) in being the tortoise. Sustained effort, combined with patient determination, very often wins the race.

Stepping up to lead really is a marathon not a sprint, and in this book, with its focus on vision, values, velocity, votes and victories, you have the framework you need to prepare you mentally for the challenge. You have the wise words of today’s successful business leaders ringing in your ears like a passionate coach, willing you on to win from the sidelines. You have a broad range of tried and tested actions to help you flex your leadership muscles and practise behaviours that will give you the confidence and the skills to truly unlock your leadership potential and step up to the challenges of leadership with authenticity, purpose and empathy. It’s time to get on your way!

Step 5: Victories – on a page

Takeaways

  • Provide the maximum level of clarity to your team, through effective team and project management and constant communication.
  • Have a minimum viable plan, agreed at the outset, where context, goals, timeline, possible landmines, roles, responsibilities and next steps are agreed and recorded.
  • A team of two will almost always outperform an individual; so pair up! For more complex projects, build cross-functional squads that can bring together the best of your business in one team for a specific purpose.
  • Never stop communicating, because however much leaders think they are communicating, it’s rarely perceived as being enough. Don’t allow a vacuum to emerge that will be filled with rumour and speculation.
  • If circumstances change, you need to be willing to rip up the plan or tweak as needed. Several times. And in real time. There are many forces beyond your control, which will require unexpected U-turns and course changes.
  • Put innovation at the heart of your leadership ethos, provide a physical environment where people are inspired to collaborate and create, and use rituals to create a steady pulse.

Assignment

At the end of the next project you’re managing, hold a retrospective with everyone involved. Discuss what went well, how they felt at various stages in the project and what you’ve learned for next time. Work together on a list of learnings that you can put into practice for the next similar project.

Read and listen

Books

  • Eric Ries, The Lean Startup: how constant innovation creates radically successful businesses, Portfolio Penguin 2011
  • Jessica Livingston, Founders at Work: stories of startups’ early days, Springer 2011
  • Kent Beck, Extreme Programming Explained: embrace change, Addison-Wesley Professional 2004

Music

  • Queen, Don’t Stop Me Now
  • Survivor, Burning Heart
  • K’NAAN, Wavin’ Flag
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