The CSP normally hosts the web services tier. This tier holds the program logic for generating dynamic web content. Web and application servers can also be deployed in a three-tiered design. This uses load balancers to connect separate pools of web and application servers. Other components include file repository, web application servers, user directory, and cache.

• API management: API management presents all available service endpoints needed for access to the application. Services can include security, scalability, composition, access, governance, analytics, deployment, and management.
• Transformation and connectivity: Transformation and connectivity ensures secure connection to legacy enterprise systems. It can also filter, aggregate, or modify data as it transitions between web components and legacy enterprise systems. In this reference architecture, the transformation and connectivity component are located between the web and enterprise tiers and can include enterprise data connectivity, data transformation, and enterprise secure connectivity.