By using the self keyword, we don't The Value Objects are a fundamental building block of Domain-Driven Design, and they're used to model concepts of your Ubiquitous Language in code. A Value Object is not just a thing in your Domain — it measures, quantifies, or describes something. Value Objects can be seen as small, simple objects — such as money or a date range — whose equality is not based on identity, but instead on the content held.

For example, a product price could be modeled using a Value Object. In this case, it's not representing a thing, but rather a value that allows us to measure how much Money a product is worth. The memory footprint for these objects is trivial to determine (calculated by their constituent parts) and there's very little overhead. As a result, new instance creation is favored over reference reuse, even when being used to represent the same value. Equality is then checked based on the comparability of the fields of both instances.