Formatting traits determine how the output of the format will be produced. They are all used in the same way: {:trait_name}.
The following are the current traits available:
|
Format string |
Trait |
Meaning |
Example |
|
{} |
Display |
A human-readable representation. Not all things implement Display. |
123 => "123" |
|
{:?} |
Debug |
An internal representation. Almost everything implements Debug. |
b"123" => [49, 50, 51] |
|
{:b} |
Binary |
Converts a number into binary |
123 => "1111011" |
|
{:x} |
LowerHex |
Hex in lowercase |
123 => 7b |
|
{:X} |
UpperHex |
Hex in uppercase |
123 => 7B |
|
{:e} |
LowerExp |
Number with exponential, lowercase |
123.0 => 1.23e2 |
|
{:E} |
UpperExp |
Number with exponential, uppercase |
123.0 => 1.23E2 |
|
{:p} |
Pointer |
Pointer location |
&123 => 0x55b3fbe72980 (may point to a different address on every run) |
Similarly, the output can be formatted with formatting parameters.