A simple form of constraint is search-space boundaries. Instead of letting  map from the entire -dimensional real-valued space, it is often practical to use only a part of this vast search-space. The lower and upper boundaries that constitute the search-space are denoted as  and , so the fitness function is of the following form:

Such boundaries are typically enforced in optimization methods by moving candidate solutions back to the boundary value if they have exceeded the boundaries. This is the default type of constraint available in SwarmOps.