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Elementary Statistics Using SAS®
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Elementary Statistics Using SAS®
by Sandra D. Schlotzhauer
Elementary Statistics Using SAS
Acknowledgments
Part 1 The Basics
Chapter 1 Getting Started
Introducing This Book
Introducing SAS Software
Summarizing the Structure of SAS Software
Starting SAS
Displaying a Simple Example
Getting Help
Exiting SAS
Introducing Several SAS Statements
Summary
Chapter 2 Creating SAS Data Sets
What Is a SAS Data Set?
Understanding the SAS DATA Step
Creating the Speeding Ticket Data Set
Printing a Data Set
Sorting a Data Set
Summary
Special Topics
Chapter 3 Importing Data
Opening an Existing SAS Data Set
Reading Data from an Existing Text File
Importing Microsoft Excel Spreadsheets
Using the Import Wizard on a PC
Introducing Advanced Features
Summary
Chapter 4 Summarizing Data
Understanding Types of Variables
Summarizing a Continuous Variable
Creating Line Printer Plots for Continuous Variables
Creating Histograms for Continuous Variables
Creating Frequency Tables for All Variables
Creating Bar Charts for All Variables
Checking Data for Errors
Summary
Special Topic: Using ODS to Control Output Tables
Part 2 Statistical Background
Chapter 5 Understanding Fundamental Statistical Concepts
Populations and Samples
The Normal Distribution
Parametric and Nonparametric Statistical Methods
Testing for Normality
Building a Hypothesis Test
Statistical and Practical Significance
Summary
Chapter 6 Estimating the Mean
Using One Number to Estimate the Mean
Effect of Sample Size
Effect of Population Variability
The Distribution of Sample Averages
Getting Confidence Intervals for the Mean
Summary
Part 3 Comparing Groups
Chapter 7 Comparing Paired Groups
Deciding between Independent and Paired Groups
Summarizing Data from Paired Groups
Building Hypothesis Tests to Compare Paired Groups
Performing the Paired-Difference t-test
Performing the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
Summary
Chapter 8 Comparing Two Independent Groups
Deciding between Independent and Paired Groups
Summarizing Data
Building Hypothesis Tests to Compare Two Independent Groups
Performing the Two-Sample t-test
Performing the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test
Summary
Chapter 9 Comparing More Than Two Groups
Summarizing Data from Multiple Groups
Building Hypothesis Tests to Compare More Than Two Groups
Performing a One-Way ANOVA
Analysis of Variance with Unequal Variances
Summarizing PROC ANOVA
Performing a Kruskal-Wallis Test
Understanding Multiple Comparison Procedures
Summarizing with an Example
Summary
Part 4 Fitting Lines to Data
Chapter 10 Understanding Correlation and Regression
Summarizing Multiple Continuous Variables
Calculating Correlation Coefficients
Performing Straight-Line Regression
Fitting a Straight Line with PROC REG
Fitting Curves
Regression for Multiple Independent Variables
Summary
Special Topic: Line Printer Plots
Chapter 11 Performing Basic Regression Diagnostics
Concepts in Plotting Residuals
Creating Residuals Plots for the Kilowatt Data
Creating Residuals Plots for the Engine Data
Looking for Outliers in the Data
Investigating Lack of Fit
Testing the Regression Assumption for Errors
Summary
Special Topic: Creating Diagnostic Plots with Traditional Graphics and Line Printer Plots
Special Topic: Automatic ODS Graphics
Part 5 Data in Summary Tables
Chapter 12 Creating and Analyzing Contingency Tables
Defining Contingency Tables
Summarizing Raw Data in Tables
Creating Contingency Tables from an Existing Summary Table
Creating Contingency Tables for Several Variables
Performing Tests for Independence
Creating Measures of Association with Ordinal Variables
Summarizing Analyses with PROC FREQ
Summary
Special Topic: ODS Graphics
Appendix 1 Further Reading
Appendix 2 Summary of SAS Elements and Chapters
Appendix 3 Introducing the SAS Windowing Environment
Appendix 4 Overview of SAS Enterprise Guide
Index
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