Machine translation systems convert text from one language to text in another language. One such example system is the Google Translate service (https://translate.google.com/). In this chapter, we will look into the architecture of these systems and how to build one. While the focus of this chapter will be on neural machine translation (NMT), we will briefly take a look at traditional approaches for understanding the challenges in machine translation. We will focus mainly on the following topics:

• A brief overview of machine translation
• An overview of neural machine translation
• Developing and training a neural machine translation model with an attention mechanism