Contents

Foreword

Hanif Kara

Introduction

Structure and Form

Structural Physics

Materials Science

Forces:

Stress

Strain

Properties of Materials:

Strength

Stiffness and Flexibility

Reactions:

Bending

Shear

Structural Integrity

Loads:

Live and Dead Loads

Lateral Loads

Bracing

Torsion

Stability:

Anchorage

Height

Center of Gravity

Cantilever Principle

Materials Technology

Stone

Wood

Steel

Reinforced Concrete

Glass

Fabrics

Fiber-Reinforced Plastic

Sheet Materials

Structural Elements

Bearing Elements

Bearing Walls:

Stacked Masonry

Composite Construction

Columns

Foundations:

Strip

Pad

Raft

Pile

Retaining Walls

One-Way Spanning Elements

Beam:

Cross-Sections

Linear Profiles

Profiled Plate:

Reinforced-Concrete Slab

Profiled-Sheet

Composite

Wafer/Laminate

Two-Way Spanning Elements:

Reinforced-Concrete Slab

Coffer

Space Frame

Wafer/Laminate

Connections and Joints:

Dry Joint

Stone

Nail

Screw

Bolt

Rivet

Turnbuckle

Adhesives (Glue)

Welding

Brazing

Structural Logic

Compressive Structures

Two-Dimensional Shapes:

Post and Beam

A-Frame

Portal Frame

Arch

Vault

Dome

Three-Dimensional Surfaces:

Diamatic Dome

Lamella Dome

Geodesic Dome

Shell and Monocoque

Tensile Surfaces

Membrane

Cable Net

Tensegrity

Climate and Shelter

Human Comfort

Thermal Comfort

Solar Geometry

Building Performance

Climatic Envelope

Thermal Mass

Thermal Insulation:

Principles

Types

Air Movement:

Natural Ventilation

Passive Control

Windows and Glazing

Weathering:

Masonry

Cladding Systems

Membranes

Bonded Surfaces

Insulation

Sound and Light

Acoustics:

Properties of Sound

Acoustic Control

Daylight

Building Services

Heating

Mechanical Ventilation

Air-Conditioning:

Principles

Systems

Integrated Systems

Sanitation

Computational Tools and Techniques

Building Information Modeling

Responsive Systems

Structural Analysis

Form Finding

Finite Element Analysis

Environmental Analysis

Thermal

Daylight

Air Movement

Acoustic

Case Studies

Mud House

Tepee

Igloo

Obelisk

The Pantheon

The Ironbridge

The Bell Rock Lighthouse

The Crystal Palace

Clifton Suspension Bridge

Tropical House (Pavilion Demontable)

Kresge Auditorium

Palazzetto Dello Sport

The Houston Astrodome

The German Pavilion

The USA Pavilion

Self-Build House

Sydney Opera House

HSBC Headquarters

The Pavilion of the Future

The Portugal Pavilion

The Lord’s Media Centre

30 St Mary Axe

“D” Tower

Davies Alpine House

International Space Station

Media ITC Space Station

Stedelijk Museum Extension

Building Codes

Rules Governing Construction Technology

World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) Guidelines on Sustainable Construction

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System Construction

Glossary

Further Reading and Resources

Index

Picture Credits

Acknowledgments

The USA Pavilion, Montreal, Canada (detail), designed by R. Buckminster Fuller and Shoji Sadao.