Contents

 

Acknowledgements

1   Introduction

2   Lighting the subject

2.1   Basic lighting

2.2   Choice of light sources and luminaires

2.3   Lighting systems

3   Theory of light

3.1   Electromagnetic spectrum

3.2   F-number (f-stop)

3.3   The eye

3.4   Colour perception

3.5   Spectral output of sources

3.6   Filters

3.7   Conversion of light in film and TV cameras

4   Light measurements

4.1   Units, terminology and calculations

4.2   Laws – inverse square and cosine

4.3   Polar diagrams and their interpretation

4.4   The measurement of colour temperature

4.5   Types of meter

5   Light sources

5.1   Incandescent sources

5.2   Discharge sources

5.3   Control of discharge sources

5.4   Xenon discharge lamp

5.5   Fluorescent lamps

5.6   Light emitting diodes

6   Luminaires

6.1   Optical design theory

6.2   Reflection and refraction

6.3   Reflector designs

6.4   Luminaire types

6.5   Special designs

6.6   Fluorescent lighting

6.7   Battery hand lamps

6.8   Assessment of luminaires

6.9   Centre of gravity (C of G) considerations

6.10 Ventilation

6.11 The carbon arc

7   Lighting suspension systems

7.1   Suspension and why it is needed

7.2   Grid systems

7.3   Pantographs

7.4   Counterweight bars

7.5   Motorised barrel winches

7.6   Monopoles

7.7   System controls

7.8   Rigging monopoles and pantographs

7.9   Loading barrel winches

7.10 Rigging luminaires

8   Dimming and control

Introduction

8.1   Theory of dimmers

8.2   Problems in practice

8.3   Dimmer types

8.4   Protecting dimmers

8.5   Dimmer rooms and switchgear

8.6   Distributed dimmers

8.7   Control systems

8.8   Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) Directive

9   Studio technical design

Introduction

9.1   Project team

9.2   Safety requirements

9.3   Greenfield sites and the refurbishment of existing premises

9.4   Building construction – how it can be influenced

9.5   Structural loads

9.6   Television studio requirements

9.7   The smaller studio

9.8   Air conditioning requirements

9.9   Power requirements

9.10 Acoustic requirements

10   Lighting for locations and sport

Introduction

10.1 Location lighting

10.2 Electrical distribution

10.3 Generators

10.4 Trussing and support systems

10.5 Lighting for sports

11   Motorised lights

Introduction

11.1 Luminaires

11.2 Digital projection

11.3 TV lighting

11.4 System control

11.5 Studio installations

11.6 Grid system functions

12   Electrical distribution

Introduction

12.1 Sub-station and switchgear

12.2 Power and balance for three phases

12.3 Distribution systems

12.4 Distribution problems

12.5 Distribution sockets

12.6 Fuses and circuit breakers

12.7 Meters

12.8 Distribution on the ‘set’

13   Working lights and emergency systems

Introduction

13.1 Types of sources

13.2 Integrating the system

13.3 Lighting in control areas and dressing rooms

13.4 Emergency systems

14   Safety

14.1 General measures for safety

14.2 Luminaires and EN 60598-2-17 (BS4533)

14.3 The Supply of Machinery (Safety) Regulations

14.4 The IEE Regulations in practice

14.5 Electricity at Work Regulations in practice

14.6 Safety checklist and inspections

15   Maintaining and hiring lighting equipment

15.1 Standardisation for maintenance and spares

15.2 Maintenance rooms and test equipment

15.3 Luminaire maintenance

15.4 Suspension system maintenance

15.5 Holding spares and expendables

15.6 Monitoring equipment usage for replacement programmes

15.7 Hired equipment

Appendices

I     Glossary of terms

II    World mains voltages

III   Lamp tables

IV   Luminaire performances

V    Formulae and conversion tables

Further reading

Index