Index
A
access control, iSCSI software on Linux, 158
access rights, assigning for iSCSI initiators, 153-154
across-the-wire migrations, 233-235
Active-Active clusters, 6
Active-Passive clusters, 6
add secondary ipaddress command, 112
alert command, 129
Alert state, 33
alerting. See email notification
Apache daemon, configuring, 196
applications
cluster design and, 48-50
cluster-enabling. See cluster-enabling applications
clustering. See clusters
installing
NCF or Linux script files, 54
on shared disk, 53-54
architecture of Backup Express, 224-225
arrays, 45
authentication keys, 260-261
defined, 18
high availability, 18-20
increasing
with environment, 23
with hardware, 22-23
with procedures, 24
with software, 23-24
average downtime, calculating, 21
B
backup clients, 225
Backup Express, 223-229
backups, 218-219
Novell backup software, 222-223
SMS (Storage Management Services), 219-221
Syncsort Backup Express, 223-229
BCC (Business Continuity Clustering), 269-271
advantages of, 271
configuring, 284-290
installing, 277-279
operational overview, 13-15
test environment, building
BCC configuration, 284-290
BCC installation, 277-279
Identity Manager driver configuration, 279-283
Identity Manager installation, 275-277
NetWare and Novell Cluster Services installation, 273-275
requirements, 272-273
starting Identity Manager drivers, 283-284
usage scenarios, 272
bus (SCSI), 137
Business Continuity Clustering. See BCC
C
caching mode (GroupWise), 167
CDBs (Command Descriptor Blocks), 137
Censustaker protocol, 33
certificates, configuring for iFolder, 191-192
cl status command, 266
CLSTRLIB (cluster configuration library), 31
cluster command, 129-132
cluster containers
defined, 8
parameters, 28
application installation
NCF or Linux script files, 54
on shared disk, 53-54
application selection, 48-50
disk configurations
hardware redundant disk configurations, 45-46
single-disk configurations, 45
software redundant disk configurations, 47
eDirectory, 50-52
failover matrix, 52
file system, 47-48
heartbeat LANs, 40-41
NIC teaming, 41-42
number of nodes, 39-40
Split Brain Detector partition, mirroring, 48
storage connection methods
Fibre Channel, 43-45
SCSI, 42-43
without shared storage, 55-57
GroupWise, 166-168
on Linux, 178-189
on NetWare, 169-177
iFolder, 190-199
Samba, 202-209
Squid proxy server, 199-202
when to use, 165-166
Cluster Event Log (iManager), 124-125
Cluster Management Port parameter, 28
Cluster Manager screen (iManager), 122-124
cluster master resource, 212
cluster membership views, 36
cluster nodes, 28-29
IP addresses, 212-213
local files, eDirectory objects and, 30-31
cluster of clusters. See BCC (Business Continuity Clustering)
Cluster Options screen (iManager), 117-122
Cluster Resource Manager (CRM), 33-34
Cluster Services Management Agent (CMA), 34-35
Cluster System Services (CSS), 34
cluster virtual server object (eDirectory), 30
cluster virtual servers, 10
Cluster Volume Broker, 34
cluster volumes, 30, 81-82, 89-98
NSS pools, creating, 83-86
NSS volumes, creating, 85-89
shared disk partitions, creating, 82-84
clusters, 28-29. See also Novell Cluster Services
backups, 218-219
Novell backup software, 222-223
SMS (Storage Management Services), 219-221
Syncsort Backup Express, 223-229
defined, 9
documentation, creating, 211
cluster containers, 28
cluster nodes, 28-29
cluster resources, 28-29
cluster templates, 29
cluster volume resources, 30
local cluster node files and, 30-31
high availability between, 270-271
installing
on Linux, 106-112
on NetWare, 98-105
managing
with iManager, 115-125
with Remote Manager, 126-127
selecting in iManager, 117
states of, 33-34
terminology, 8-11
troubleshooting, 214-215
types of, 12
upgrading
across-the-wire migrations, 233-235
in-place upgrades, 232-233
installing from scratch, 235
migrating to new cluster, 247-252
NetWare 5.1 to NetWare 6.5, 236-239
NetWare 6 to NetWare 6.5, 239-241
NetWare 6.5 to Linux, 242-247
when not to use, 16-17
CMA (Cluster Services Management Agent), 34-35
Comatose state, 33
Command Descriptor Blocks (CDBs), 137
command line
iSCSI initiator connection startup, 154, 156
managing Novell Cluster Services, 129-132
starting and stopping Novell Cluster Services
on Linux, 128-129
on NetWare, 129
commands, iSCSI targets on NetWare, 151-152
configuring
Apache daemon, 196
BCC for BCC test environment, 284-290
certificates for iFolder, 191-192
DNS servers, 199
email notification, 132-134
Heartbeat software (Linux), 259-266
Identity Manager drivers for BCC test environment, 279-283
iFolder, 193-196
iSCSI initiator software on Linux, 158
load and unload scripts
for GroupWise, 174-175, 185-186
for iFolder, 196-197
NFS servers for Heartbeat clusters, 265-266
shared storage for Heartbeat software, 255-259
smb.conf file, 206
connection startup for iSCSI initiators, 154-156
connections, iSCSI targets, 158-159
ConsoleOne management application, 34
consolidation (iSCSI), 138
convert command, 130
CRM (Cluster Resource Manager), 33-34
CSS (Cluster System Services), 34
cvb rebuild command, 130
cvsbind command, 130
D
database version (GroupWise), setting, 184
del secondary ipaddress command, 112
design. See cluster design
device servers in Backup Express, 225
dhcp command, 130
DHCP servers, clustering
on Linux, 106-112
on NetWare, 98-105
directories, sharing with Samba, 208-209
DirXML. See Identity Manager
disk configurations (cluster design)
hardware redundant disk configurations, 45-46
single-disk configurations, 45
software redundant disk configurations, 47
Distributed Replicated Block Device (DRBD), 47, 255-259
DNS servers
load balancing, 199
when to cluster-enable, 165
documentation, creating, 211
down command, 130
downed clusters, upgrading with, 240
downtime
average downtime, calculating, 21
avoiding. See availability
maximum downtime for percentage of availability, 19-20
DRBD (Distributed Replicated Block Device), 47, 255-259
drivers (Identity Manager)
configuring for BCC test environment, 279-283
starting for BCC test environment, 283-284
E
cluster design, 50-52
objects, 64
cluster containers, 28
cluster nodes, 28-29
cluster resources, 28-29
cluster templates, 29
cluster volume resources, 30
local cluster node files and, 30-31
support for, 13
editing
haresources file, 262-264
sample configuration files, 260
email notification, configuring, 132-134
environment, increasing availability with, 23
epoch, 11
epoch number, 35
Event log, troubleshooting cluster resources, 215
EVMS volume manager, 89
EVMS volumes
installing, 96-98
exit on error command, 113
ext3 file system, 82
F
failback, 11
failback mode in cluster resource objects, 29
failover, 10
failover clusters, 49
failover matrix, creating, 52
failover mode in cluster resource objects, 29
Fibre Channel, 43-45
file system (cluster design), 47-48
File System Factory, 250
file systems
ext3, 82
for Linux cluster volumes, 89-98
Reiser, 82
G
GIPC (Group Interprocess Protocol), 32-33
Group Anchor protocol, 33
Group Interprocess Protocol (GIPC), 32-33
GroupWise, cluster-enabling, 166-168
on Linux, 178-189
on NetWare, 169-177
H
ha.cf file, tuning, 261-262
hardware, increasing availability with, 22-23
hardware redundant disk configurations (cluster design), 45-46
hardware requirements for Novell Cluster Services, 24-25
haresources file, editing, 262-264
heartbeat LANs, 40-41
Heartbeat package (SUSE Linux Enterprise Server), 16
heartbeat packets, 8
Heartbeat protocol, 32
Heartbeat Settings parameter, 28
Heartbeat software (Linux)
configuring, 259-266
configuring shared storage, 255-259
installing, 254-255
managing, 266
Novell Cluster Services versus, 253-254
split brain, avoiding, 267
heartbeats
defined, 35
IP addresses for, changing, 212-213
high availability
between clusters, 270-271
defined, 18-20
home directories. See user home directories
hot-pluggable disks, 46
hot spare disks, 46
I
Identity Manager, 269
configuring drivers for BCC test environment, 279-283
installing for BCC test environment, 275-277
starting drivers for BCC test environment, 283-284
iFolder, cluster-enabling, 190-199
ignore error command, 113
Cluster Event Log, 124-125
Cluster Manager screen, 122-124
Cluster Options screen, 117-122
plug-ins, installing, 196
selecting cluster resources, 117
SMS configuration, 221
in-place upgrades, 232-233
NetWare 5.1 to NetWare 6.5, 236-239
NetWare 6 to NetWare 6.5, 239-241
info command, 130
initiators (iSCSI)
on Linux, 156
access control setup, 158
configuring software, 158
connecting to targets, 158-159
installing iSCSI software, 157
monitoring, 161-162
on NetWare, 152
assigning access rights, 153-154
connection startup, 154-156
monitoring, 161
renaming NetWare servers, 213-214
requirements, 148
installing
applications
NCF or Linux script files, 54
on shared disk, 53-54
Backup Express
on Linux, 226-227
on NetWare, 227-228
BCC for BCC test environment, 277-279
cluster hardware/software from scratch, 235
cluster resource templates, 29
cluster resources
on Linux, 106-112
on NetWare, 98-105
EVMS volumes, 96-98
GroupWise
on Linux, 181-184
on NetWare, 169-174
Heartbeat software (Linux), 254-255
Identity Manager for BCC test environment, 275-277
iFolder on cluster nodes, 193
iManager plug-ins, 196
iSCSI software on Linux, 157
iSCSI target software, 148-149
NetWare for BCC test environment, 273-275
Novell Cluster Services
for BCC test environment, 273-275
in VMware, 73-79
on Linux, 66-69
on NetWare, 59-65
IP addresses
for heartbeats, changing, 212-213
GroupWise clustering and, 168
master IP addresses, 8
of cluster master resource, changing, 212
secondary IP addresses, 7
IQNs (iSCSI Qualified Names), 142
advantages of, 139-140
initiators
on Linux, 156-159
on NetWare, 152-156
renaming NetWare servers, 213-214
requirements, 148
naming conventions, 142
network design guidelines, 146-147
for offsite storage mirroring, 145-146
operational overview, 137-142
as OS-independent storage, 143
as remote storage, 144-145
RFCs for, 138
sessions, monitoring, 161-163
shared storage setup, 144, 159-160
support for, 13
targets
LDAP security, 163-164
on NetWare, 148-152
requirements, 147-148
ISCSI commands, 152
iSCSI Qualified Names (IQNs), 142
ISCSINIT commands, 151-152
ISCSITAR commands, 152
J-K-L
join command, 130
LANs, heartbeat LANs, 40-41
LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol), 55, 163-164
leave command, 130
licenses, adding to nodes, 70
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP), 55, 163-164
Backup Express, installing, 226-227
creating clustered volumes
NSS pools, creating, 83-86
NSS volumes, creating, 85-89
shared disk partitions, creating, 82-84
file systems for cluster volumes, 89-98
GroupWise, cluster-enabling, 178-189
Heartbeat software
configuring, 259-266
configuring shared storage, 255-259
installing, 254-255
managing, 266
Novell Cluster Services versus, 253-254
split brain, avoiding, 267
iFolder, cluster-enabling, 190-199
installing cluster resources, 106-112
installing Novell Cluster Services, 66-69
iSCSI initiators on, 156
access control setup, 158
configuring software, 158
connecting to targets, 158-159
installing iSCSI software, 157
monitoring, 161-162
migrating from NetWare to, 234-235
migrating from Windows to, 235
nbackup utility, 222
nodes, removing, 72-73
Samba, cluster-enabling, 202-209
SBD partition, creating new, 217-218
script files, executing from load and unload scripts, 54
SMS configuration files, 221
Squid proxy server, cluster-enabling, 199-202
starting and stopping Novell Cluster Services, 128-129
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server, Heartbeat package, 16
troubleshooting cluster resources, 215
upgrading NetWare 6.5 to, 242-247
lives, 11
load balancing, 199
load scripts
in cluster resource objects, 28
configuring
for GroupWise, 174-175, 185-186
for iFolder, 196-197
defined, 9
executing NCF or Linux script files, 54
NCS-related commands, 112-113
local cluster node files, eDirectory objects and, 30-31
local storage access (iSCSI), 138
Logger Screen (NetWare), 215
logical disks, 45
LVM volume manager, 89
M
maintenance command, 130
management applications, 34
Backup Express, 228-229
cluster resources
with iManager, 115-125
with Remote Manager, 126-127
Heartbeat software (Linux), 266
iSCSI sessions, 161-163
Novell Cluster Services
email notification, 132-134
from command line, 129-132
manually starting and stopping Novell Cluster Services, 69
master IP addresses, 8
master nodes
defined, 8
removing, 37
master servers in Backup Express, 225
maximum downtime for percentage of availability, 19-20
Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF), 21
Mean Time to Repair (MTTR), 21
Membership protocol, 32
migrate command, 131
migrating. See upgrading clusters
migration, 10
Migration Wizard, 247-248
mirroring
offsite storage mirroring, iSCSI for, 145-146
Split Brain Detector partition, 48
mixed-cluster environments, upgrading NetWare 6.5 to Linux, 242-247
modules in Novell Cluster Services, 31-32
CLSTRLIB, 31
Cluster Volume Broker, 34
CMA, 34-35
CRM, 33-34
CSS, 34
GIPC, 32-33
PCLUSTER, 35
SBD, 33
VLL, 34
monitoring. See managing
mount points, creating, 205
MSAP (Multiple Server Access Prevention), 47
MTBF (Mean Time Between Failure), 21
MTTR (Mean Time to Repair), 21
Multiple Server Access Prevention (MSAP), 47
multiple-site environment (BCC), 272
N
naming conventions (iSCSI), 142
nbackup utility, 222
NCF files, executing from load and unload scripts, 54
NCS. See Novell Cluster Services
NDS Sync state, 34
Backup Express, installing, 227-228
creating clustered volumes
NSS pools, creating, 83-86
NSS volumes, creating, 85-89
shared disk partitions, creating, 82-84
GroupWise, cluster-enabling, 169-177
installing for BCC test environment, 273-275
installing cluster resources, 98-105
installing Novell Cluster Services, 59-65
iSCSI initiators on, 152
assigning access rights, 153-154
connection startup, 154-156
monitoring, 161
iSCSI targets on
commands for, 151-152
creating target partition, 149-151
installing software, 148-149
monitoring, 161
Logger Screen, 215
managing cluster resources with Remote Manager, 126-127
migrating from Windows to, 235
migrating to Linux, 234-235
migrating to NetWare, 234
SBCON.NLM backup software, 222
SBD partition, creating new, 216-217
servers, renaming, 213-214
SMS configuration files, 220
starting and stopping Novell Cluster Services, 129
NetWare 5.1, upgrading to NetWare 6.5, 236-239
NetWare 6, upgrading to NetWare 6.5, 239-241
NetWare 6.5
upgrading NetWare 5.1 to, 236-239
upgrading NetWare 6 to, 239-241
upgrading to Linux, 242-247
NetWare nodes
adding
to Linux clusters, 69
to NetWare clusters, 65
network design, iSCSI guidelines, 146-147
NFS servers, configuring for Heartbeat clusters, 265-266
NIC teaming, 41-42
cluster node objects (eDirectory), 28-29
defined, 8
licenses, 70
Linux nodes, removing, 72-73
master nodes, removing, 37
NetWare nodes
adding to Linux clusters, 69
adding to NetWare clusters, 65
number of, 39-40
slave nodes, removing, 36
notification (email), configuring, 132-134
Novell Cluster Services. See also clusters
benefits of, 12-13
Heartbeat software (Linux) versus, 253-254
installing
for BCC test environment, 273-275
on Linux, 66-69
on NetWare, 59-65
in VMware, 73-79
managing
from command line, 129-132
email notification, 132-134
modules in
CLSTRLIB, 31
Cluster Volume Broker, 34
CMA, 34-35
CRM, 33-34
CSS, 34
GIPC, 32-33
PCLUSTER, 35
SBD, 33
VLL, 34
operational overview, 5-6
requirements, 24-26
secondary IP addresses, 7
shared disk access, 6-7
starting and stopping
on Linux, 128-129
manually, 69
on NetWare, 129
terminology, 8-11
Novell Identity Manager, 14
Novell Server Consolidation and Migration Toolkit, 247-248
NSS, 47
cluster-enabled volume objects (eDirectory), 30
pools, creating, 83-86
volumes, creating, 85-89
O
objects. See eDirectory, objects
OES NetWare. See NetWare
offline command, 131
Offline state, 33
offsite storage mirroring, iSCSI for, 145-146
online command, 131
OS-independent storage, iSCSI as, 143
P
Panning protocol, 32
parameters of set command, 131-132
partitions
iSCSI target partitions, creating, 149-151
SBD partition, creating new, 215-218
shared disk partitions. See shared disks, partitions
PCLUSTER (Portal Cluster Agent), 35
PDUs (Protocol Data Units), 137
Perl CLI (command-line interface) utilities, 34
plug-ins for iManager, installing, 196
POA (Post Office Agent), GroupWise clustering, 167
PolyServe Matrix Server, 15-16
pools command, 131
port numbers, GroupWise clustering and, 168
Portal Cluster Agent (PCLUSTER), 35
Post Office Agent (POA), GroupWise clustering, 167
post offices
adding
to GroupWise on Linux, 187, 189
to GroupWise on NetWare, 176-177
Post Office Agent (POA), GroupWise clustering, 167
setting database version, 184
procedures, increasing availability with, 24
Protocol Data Units (PDUs), 137
proxy servers, Squid, 199-202
Q-R
quorum, 11
Quorum Trigger parameter, 28
Quorum wait state, 34
RAID (redundant array of independent disks), 45-47
RAID 0, 45
RAID 0+1, 46
RAID 1, 46
RAID 10, 46
RAID 5, 46
rcheartbeat command, 264
redundant array of independent disks (RAID), 45-47
redundant disk configurations (cluster design)
hardware, 45-46
software, 47
references (server), updating, 249-250
Reiser file system, 82
Remote Manager, 126-127
iSCSI initiator connection startup, 156
monitoring iSCSI sessions, 161-163
remote storage, iSCSI as, 144-145
removing
Linux nodes, 72-73
master nodes, 37
slave nodes, 36
renaming NetWare servers, 213-214
replicas, eDirectory cluster design, 51
BCC test environment, 272-273
iSCSI initiators, 148
iSCSI targets, 147-148
Novell Cluster Services, 24-26
resources command, 131
restart command, 131
restarting SMDR daemon, 249
RFCs for iSCSI, 138
rights, assigning for iSCSI initiators, 153-154
rolling upgrades, 240-241, 243
round robin configuration, 199
rsync synchronization, 271
Running state, 33
S
Samba, cluster-enabling on Linux, 202-209
sample configuration files, editing, 260
SAN (storage area network), 15, 43-45
SBCON.NLM backup software, 222
SBD (Split Brain Detector), 6, 33
creating new, 215-218
defined, 10
mirroring, 48
size of, 35
scan for new devices command, 130
SCSI (Small Computer System Interface), 42-43, 137
secondary IP addresses, 7
security
authentication keys, 260-261
LDAP security, iSCSI targets and, 163-164
selecting cluster resources in iManager, 117
Sequencer protocol, 32
Server Consolidation Utility, 248-249
as part of Novell Server Consolidation and Migration, 247-248
Server Health Utility, 237
server references, updating, 249-250
servers
backup clients, 225
device servers, 225
master servers, 225
NetWare servers, renaming, 213-214
sessions (iSCSI), monitoring, 161-163
set command, 131-132
installing applications on, 53-54
partitions, creating, 82-84
VMware. See VMware
shared resources, creating, 262-264
shared storage
cluster design without, 55-57
configuring for Heartbeat software (Linux), 255-259
creating, 203-205
disk configurations, 45
hardware redundant disk, 45-46
single-disk configurations, 45
software redundant disk, 47
file system, 47-48
GroupWise clustering and, 168
iSCSI as, 144
iSCSI setup, 159-160
storage connection methods
Fibre Channel, 43-45
SCSI, 42-43
sharing directories with Samba, 208-209
single-disk configurations (cluster design), 45
slave nodes
defined, 8
removing, 36
Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI), 42-43, 137
smb.conf file, configuring, 206
SMDR (Storage Management Data Requester), 219
restarting SMDR daemon, 249
SMS (Storage Management Services), 219-221
software
increasing availability with, 23-24
mirroring, 47
Novell Cluster Services software requirements, 26
software redundant disk configurations (cluster design), 47
split brain, avoiding in Heartbeat clusters, 267
Split Brain Detector. See SBD
split brain situations, 36
Squid proxy server, cluster-enabling on Linux, 199-202
starting
connections for iSCSI initiators, 154-156
Identity Manager drivers for BCC test environment, 283-284
Novell Cluster Services
on Linux, 128-129
manually, 69
on NetWare, 129
stats command, 132
status command, 132
Stonith devices, 267
stopping Novell Cluster Services
on Linux, 128-129
manually, 69
on NetWare, 129
storage, iSCSI. See iSCSI
storage area network (SAN), 15, 43-45
storage connection methods (cluster design)
Fibre Channel, 43-45
SCSI, 42-43
Storage Management Data Requester (SMDR), 219
restarting SMDR daemon, 249
Storage Management Services (SMS), 219-221
stretched clusters, 270
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server, Heartbeat package, 16
SUSE Linux. See Linux
synchronization
Identity Manager. See Identity Manager
rsync, 271
transitive synchronization, 51
Syncsort Backup Express, 223-229
system requirements. See requirements
T
Target Service Agents (TSAs), 220
targets (iSCSI)
connecting to, 158-159
LDAP security, 163-164
on NetWare
commands for, 151-152
creating target partition, 149-151
installing software, 148-149
monitoring, 161
requirements, 147-148
templates. See cluster templates
terminology in Novell Cluster Services, 8-11
test environment (BCC), 233, 272
BCC configuration, 284-290
BCC installation, 277-279
Identity Manager driver configuration, 279-283
Identity Manager installation, 275-277
NetWare and Novell Cluster Services installation, 273-275
requirements, 272-273
starting Identity Manager drivers, 283-284
testing
GroupWise
on Linux, 184-187
on NetWare, 174-176
iFolder on Linux, 197-198
timeout, 11
tolerance rate, 35
transitive synchronization, 51
troubleshooting cluster resources, 214-215
TSAs (Target Service Agents), 220
tuning ha.cf file, 261-262
two-site environment (BCC), 272
U
Unassigned state, 33
unload scripts
in cluster resource objects, 28
configuring
for GroupWise, 174-175, 185-186
for iFolder, 196-197
defined, 9
executing NCF or Linux script files, 54
NCS-related commands, 112-113
Unloading state, 33
updating
server references, 249-250
user home directories, 250-252
across-the-wire migrations, 233-235
in-place upgrades, 232-233
installing from scratch, 235
migrating to new cluster, 247-252
NetWare 5.1 to NetWare 6.5, 236-239
NetWare 6 to NetWare 6.5, 239-241
NetWare 6.5 to Linux, 242-247
uptime. See availability
user home directories, updating, 250-252
V
view command, 132
virtual environment. See VMware
virtual hosts, configuring iFolder server as, 192
Virtual Interface Architecture Link Layer (VLL), 34
virtual nodes, 225-226
virtual servers. See cluster virtual servers
VLL (Virtual Interface Architecture Link Layer), 34
ESX Server clustering configurations, 74-76
GSX Server clustering configurations, 76-79
installing Novell Cluster Services, 73-79
Workstation clustering configurations, 76-79
volume managers, EVMS versus LVM, 89
volumes
cluster volumes. See cluster volumes
EVMS volumes
installing, 96-98
NSS cluster-enabled volume objects (eDirectory), 30
W-X-Y-Z
WebAccess, GroupWise clustering, 167
Windows, migrating to NetWare or Linux, 235
Yes, Tested and Approved program (Novell), 25
ZENworks for Desktops, when to cluster-enable, 166