Table of Contents

Cover image

Title page

Copyright

Preface

Chapter 1. An Overview of Statistical Applications

Abstract

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Probability Functions and Statistics

1.3 Applications of Normal Distribution

1.4 Confidence Bounds

1.5 Determination of Sample Size

1.6 Random Variables Summation

1.7 The Binomial Distributions

1.8 The Poisson Distribution

1.9 Testing of Hypothesis

1.10 Summary

Chapter 2. Preliminaries

Abstract

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Basic Concepts

2.3 Tabulation of Data

2.4 Frequency Distribution

2.5 Cumulative Frequency Table

2.6 Measures of Central Tendency

2.7 Arithmetic Mean

2.8 Median

2.9 Mode

2.10 Geometric Mean

2.11 Harmonic Mean

2.12 Partition Values (Quartiles, Deciles, and Percentiles)

2.13 Measures of Dispersion

2.14 Range

2.15 Interquartile Range

2.16 Quartile Deviation

2.17 Mean Deviation

2.18 Standard Deviation

Chapter 3. Probability

Abstract

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Classical Probability

3.3 Relative Frequency Approach of Probability

3.4 Symbolic Notation

3.5 Axiomatic Theory of Probability

3.6 Independent and Dependent Events

3.7 Conditional Probability

3.8 Multiplication Theorem on Probability

3.9 Baye’s Theorem

Chapter 4. Random Variables

Abstract

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Discrete Random Variable

4.3 Probability Distribution for a Discrete Random Variable

4.4 Mean and Variance of a Discrete Distribution

4.5 Continuous Random Variable

4.6 Probability Density Function

4.7 Cumulative Distribution Function

4.8 Mean and Variance of a Continuous Random Variable

4.9 Joint Distributions

4.10 Conditional Probability Distribution

4.11 Independent Random Variables

4.12 Joint Probability Function of Continuous Random Variables

4.13 Joint Probability Distribution Function of Continuous Random Variables

4.14 Marginal Distribution Function

4.15 Conditional Probability Density Functions

4.16 Mathematical Expectation and Moments

4.17 Moments

4.18 Moment Generating Function

4.19 Properties of Moment Generating Function

4.20 Discrete Probability Distributions

4.21 Poisson Distribution

4.22 Discrete Uniform Distribution

4.23 The Negative Binomial and Geometric Distribution

4.24 Geometric Distribution

4.25 Continuous Probability Distributions

4.26 Normal Distribution

4.27 Characteristic Function

4.28 Gamma Distribution

4.29 Beta Distribution of First Kind

4.30 Weibull Distribution

Chapter 5. Curve Fitting

Abstract

5.1 Introduction

5.2 The Method of Least Squares

5.3 The Least-Squares Line

5.4 Fitting a Parabola by the Method of Least Squares

5.5 Fitting the exponential curve of the form y=a ebx

Chapter 6. Correlation and Regression

Abstract

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Correlation

6.3 Coefficient of Correlation

6.4 Methods of Finding Coefficient of Correlation

6.5 Scatter Diagram

6.6 Direct Method

6.7 Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient

6.8 Calculation of r (Correlation Coefficient) (Karl Pearson’s Formula)

6.9 Regression

6.10 Regression Equation

6.11 Curve of Regression

6.12 Types of Regression

6.13 Regression Equations (Linear Fit)

6.14 Angle between Two Lines of Regression

6.15 Coefficient of Determination

6.16 Coefficient Nondetermination

6.17 Coefficient of Alienation

6.18 Multilinear Regression

6.19 Uses of Regression Analysis

Chapter 7. Sampling

Abstract

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Population

7.3 Sample

7.4 Sampling

7.5 Random Sampling

7.6 Simple Random Sampling

7.7 Stratified Sampling

7.8 Systematic Sampling

7.9 Sample Size Determination

7.10 Sampling Distribution

Chapter 8. Hypothesis Testing

Abstract

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Hypothesis

8.3 Hypothesis Testing

8.4 Types of Hypothesis

8.5 Computation of Test Statistic

8.6 Level of Significance

8.7 Critical Region

8.8 One-Tailed Test and Two-Tailed Test

8.9 Errors

8.10 Procedure for Hypothesis Testing

8.11 Important Tests of Hypothesis

8.12 Critical Values

8.13 Test of Significance—Large Samples

8.14 Test of Significance for Single Proportion

8.15 Testing of Significance for Difference of Proportions

Chapter 9. Chi-Square Distribution

Abstract

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Contingency Table

9.3 Calculation of Expected Frequencies

9.4 Chi-Square Distribution

9.5 Mean and Variance of Chi-Square

9.6 Additive Property of Independent Chi-Square Variate

9.7 Degrees of Freedom

9.8 Conditions for Using Chi-Square Test

9.9 Uses of Chi-Square Test

Chapter 10. Test of Significance—Small Samples

Abstract

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Moments About Mean

10.3 Properties of Probability Curve

10.4 Assumptions for t-Test

10.5 Uses of t-Distribution

10.6 Interval Estimate of Population Mean

10.7 Types of t-Test

10.8 Significant Values of t

10.9 Test of Significance of a Single Mean

10.10 Student’s t-Test for Difference of Means

10.11 Paired t-Test

10.12 F-Distribution

Chapter 11. ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)

Abstract

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Assumptions

11.3 One-Way ANOVA

11.4 Working Rule

Chapter 12. Analysis of Time Series

Abstract

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Purpose of Time Series Study

12.3 Editing of Data

12.4 Components of Time Series

12.5 Mathematical Model for a Time Series

12.6 Methods of Measuring Trend

Chapter 13. Index Numbers

Abstract

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Definitions and Characteristics

13.3 Types of Index Numbers

13.4 Problems in the Construction of Index Numbers

13.5 Method of Constructing Index Numbers

13.6 Tests for Consistency of Index Numbers

13.7 Quantity Index Numbers

13.8 Consumer Price Index Number

13.9 Chain Base Method

13.10 Base Conversion

13.11 Splicing

13.12 Deflation

Index

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