Index
A
Achieved eminence, 17–23
artistic domain, 29
dispositional traits, 24
genius, defined, 17
Adaptive strategy, religious conversion, 608–610
Advertising expenditure
audience behavior, 364
in economic boom period, 360
Internet, growth, 360–361
online, 362
print media, 361
television commercials, 362
Aesthetic experience
commercial dimensions, 83
components of, 57–58
evaluation mode, 82
first-order pictorial elements, 51–52
non-verbal viewer reaction, 63
perceiver characteristics, 70
phases of, 60
rating procedure, 83–84
scanpaths, viewer moment, 59–60
theoretical notions, 50–51, 72
theory of value, 82–83
viewer’s contribution, 67–72
visual arts, 50–51, 62
willingness to pay, 84
with film, 57
with museum experience, 72, 74–76
with paintings, 66–67
with pictorial art, 58–67
Aesthetic fluency
limitations, 70
viewer characteristics, 72–73
Aesthetic Fluency Scale, 70
Albums
‘backward spillovers,’ in sales, 207–208
Billboard 200 ranking, 294
critic’s assessment, 287, 290
downloading vs purchase, 207
increasing returns, 204
independent labels, 295
major labels, impact on, 293
Nielsen’s Soundscan database, on, 286, 288–290
paid and unpaid consumption, 281
Pitchfork website reviews on, 285, 295–296
popular vs obscure, 282
promotional environment, 284
quality and expenses, 293
RIAA certification data, 291
Rolling Stone’s list, 287–288
Art museum
audience-based investigation, 72–77
audio guide augmented tours, 73
social contexts, 74–75
visitor experience, 72
Art on a plate. see Food stimuli
Artistic genius
adverse repercussion, 25
career landmarks, 30–31
characteristics, 23
collaborative groups, 35
da Vinci example, 24
defined, 41
empirical research on, 17, 29
exemplars, 16
expertise, acquisition, 28–29
extrinsic influences, 40–41
family background, 26
gender, impact on, 27
inter-generational influence, 20–21
manifestation, 26
non-literary, 23–24
productive curve, 29–30
skewed distribution, 106
social process, 34
stylistic envelope, 39
time and space concerns, 38
Artists’ concert industry
pricing styles, 324–327
rationing, 343–347
Attitudes
DC models and, 158–159
respondents’, 149
Audience behavior
digital technology, role in, 360
Internet use and, 359–360
media consumption, 359
Authoritarian rulers. see also Islamic law
as religious actors, 620–624
Autonomy/embeddedness, 565–566, 568–569, 571
B
Bestsellers and Blockbusters
Black Swans model, 193–196
conceptual models, 187–191
discrete choice models, 198
economics of, 186
non-parametric kernel regression, 197–198
parabolic power laws, 192–193
Pareto model, 191–192
quantile regression, 198
regression analysis, 197
Skew-Normal distribution, 196
Skew-t distribution, 196–197
survival models, 198–199
Unconditional Lévy–Stable Model, 193–195
Booker Prize, 122–123, 131
Books. see also Bestsellers
piracy, 206–208
competing titles, 187, 190–191
economics of, 204–205
markets for, 186
online, 205
royalty income, 204
survival models, 198
Buddhists, economic attitudes, 594
C
Canonical correlation, value concept, 91–92
Capital asset pricing model (CAPM), 234
Capital goods
correlation estimates, 242–247
investment demand, 247
real investment flows, 236
Capitalism, variables, types, 572
Career trajectories, 29–32
career landmarks, 30–32
life and career termination, 32–34
productivity curve, 29–30
Choice complexity, 170–171
controlling factors, 149
cultural heritage valuation, 177
variance levels, 170–171
Choice experiment (CEs) model
heuristics process, 172
interaction effects, 170
WTP values and, 169
Christianity
Catholic church’s role, 615–616
nation-building ideology, 617
political development, in Western Europe, 597
well-identified leader, concept, 622–623
Christians
economic attitudes, 594
in European territory, 599–600
kinship ties, 603
nation-building ideology, 617–618
Cognitive abilities
conspicuous illustration, 24
IQ and, 23–24
Computerized dynamic posturography, 65–67
Conditional logit (CL) model, in discrete choice experiments, 155–159
Conflict
cultural differences and, 486
ethnic heterogeneity, 487–490, 498–502
heterogeneity and development, compared, 501–502
polarization measurement, 489
Consumer goods
correlation estimates, 236, 242–247
real exports, 243–247
Consumer surplus, 149, 152–153, 163–164
Consumption, 5–6
capital asset pricing model (CAPM), 234
in global economy, 441, 444
Contingent valuation methods
cultural heritage estimation, 149
open-ended questions and, 150
single-bounded DC, 177
Copyright
commodification of cultural goods and services, 421
creative products, 279–281, 284
cultural diversity, promotion, 432
culture, 416–422
digitization effects, 281
distribution rights, 417–418
fair dealing/fair use right, 421
file sharing effects, 281–283
individual interest, 417
monopoly rights, 279, 283–284
protected products, 277–279
for recorded music, 283
TRIPS agreement, 422–424
Corporate growth, media
categories, 365–367
convergent technologies in, 364–365
economic performance, 363–367
monopolistic tendencies, 363–364
Country affluence, 567–569
level of democracy and, 568
socioeconomic development, 568–569
Covariance-heterogeneity (Cov-Het) model, 149
Cultural awards
economics of, 111, 120
reputation effects, 131
scales of value, 121–122
symbolic dimensions, 129, 139–140
Cultural consumption, 5. see also Technological change
complementary industries, 222
cost-disease model, 217
definition, 217–218
demand curve, 219
dissemination revolution in, 225
eclectic patterns, 223
habituated rules, 225–226
individual preferences, 227
innovation, role in, 222–223
knowledge-base, economy, 224
marginal price, 217, 220–221
types, 216
Cultural differences
individual difference variable, 580
national samples, 557–564
Western European samples, 561–563
Cultural diversity
audiovisual sector, 433
vs biological diversity, 432–433
copyright, impact on, 432
free trade impact on, 431–432
human rights covenants and, 426–427
international law and, 412–414
UNESCO definition, 414–415
WTO agreement, 428–429, 435
Cultural economics, 1–2, 4, 10–11
Cultural heritage
defined, 147
entry price for, 148
revealed preference (RP) or SP methods, 147
stated preference (SP) methods, 147
Cultural industries, 415–418
Cultural innovation
defined, 264
determinants, 268–273
economic perspectives, 271–273
external factors, 265
referent, defined, 268
sociological perspectives, 269–271
typology, 267
Cultural organizations
economic perspectives, 271–273
examples, 265
innovation determinants, 268–273
internal R&D in, 265
managerial innovation, 264
public funding, 271
sector-listing, 264
sociological perspectives, 269–271
Cultural orientations
in Balkan States, 564
basic assumptions, 548–550
cross-cultural differences, 580
cultural distance vs, 575
democracy index, 571
in East-Central Europe, 564
in industrialized countries, 573
law enforcement and, 575
sensitivity factors, 560
seven cultural value orientations, 555–557
social governance, 569–571
social net benefits, 570
Western style, 561–563
Cultural regions
in African nations, 563
in Balkan nations, 564
in Baltic European nations, 564
Confucian, 563
in East-Central European nations, 564
English speaking nations, 561
international investment and, 574–579
in Middle Eastern countries, 563
in South Asia, 563–564
Western Europe, 561
Cultural transmission models
in competitive markets, 457–461
in exchange economy, 461–466
exogenous rules, 449–451
socialization choices, 451–457
Cultural value orientations. see also Cultural orientation
conceptual dimensions, 557
economic significance, 567–579
Hofstede and Inglehart dimension, comparison, 564–567
measurement techniques, 553–555
seven aspects of, 550–553, 555–557
societal characteristics, 548–557
Cultural value, painting
estimation techniques, 86–91
Customer reviews, product sales and, 208
D
Demand, 5–6
Discrete choice experiment (CE) methods
conditional logit models, 155–159
multinomial models, 155–159
Disenfranchisement
English proficiency, 533–535
foreign language learning, 535–539
measurement, 531–532
Dispositional traits, 24–26
Distribution, 1–2, 5, 8–9
Distribution of success
in bestsellers, 187
competing titles and, 191, 199, 205–206
consumer demand and, 189, 191
E
Economic efficiency
expansion strategies, media industry, 363–367
media ownership, 370–373
Economic theory, 1–3
Economic value, painting
cultural value, compared, 91–96
determinants, 93–96
estimation techniques, 88, 91
linear combination, 91–93
non-determinants, 93–96
stock value, 95
variable measurements model, 88–89
Economic welfare measures
choice experiments, 167–168
Economics of art and culture, 1–2, 10–11
Egalitarianism/hierarchy, 565–566, 568–569, 571, 573
Ethnic diversity
continuous distance, ethnic group, 488
cooperation in, 494–496
economic outcomes, 486, 490–498
group identity, 488–489
index of racial functionalization, 487
index of polarization, 487–488
networks in, 494–496
political outcomes, 496–498
public goods, 492–494
trust in, 494–496
Ethnic fractionalization
budget share in, 492–493
civil wars, impact on, 501–502
economic outcomes, 487–490
Herfindahl Index, 489
income inequality and, 501
negative effects, 491
polarization effect, 492
political outcomes, 487–490
state artificiality and, 491–492
Ethnic heterogeneity
conflict, 502–503
economic outcomes, 487
measurement technique, 487–490
political impact, 497–498
religion, impact on, 493
Ethnolinguistic fractionalization
diversity indices, 521–523
economic outcomes, impact on, 519–523
group identification, 520–521
negative aspects, 527–530
Evaluative consensus
alternative assessment, artistic eminence, 19
features, 19–20
temporal stability, 20
Experimental design
choice alternatives, 171
CV estimation, 170
first- and second-order effects, 154
gains and loss, estimation in, 167
goodness-of-fit, effects, 154–155
interaction effects, attributes, 170
random utility theory, 155
RP methods, issues, 154–155
F
File sharing
CD sales, impact on, 207
concert attendance and, 207–208
Film. see also Movies
aesthetic experience, 57
contemporary viewers, 57
Fine arts
characteristics, prices, 235
psychic benefits, 235
Finite Mixture Models, 165–167
Food stimuli, 56–57
Formal law
customary practices and, 638
diseased man’s property, 645–646, 650, 652
inheritance practices, 661
marriage aspects, 641
property rights, widows, 640, 649
social impact, 657–658
utility function, 661
G
Gabonese Civil Code
Article 177, 662
Genius
achieved eminence, 17–23, 28
artistic, 9, 19–23
capacities of, 27
career trajectories, 29
cognitive abilities, 23–24
creative, 17–18, 20, 25
defined, 17, 21–22
dispositional traits, 24
female, 27
genetic basis, 26
Kantian view, 16–17
literary, 22
scientific, 26, 31–32
Globalization
consumption patterns, 444–445
cultural diversity, 441, 446, 457, 472
home country size, 447
information and transport technology, 440, 442
international trade and, 443, 452
social integration, 471–472
welfare effects, 447
Gloomy Sunday (Hungarian song), 114
Goody’s thesis
economic significance, 569–571
family reforms, in Western Europe, 601–604
governance quality
Group consumption externalities
cultural divergence factors, 466–472
H
HADOPI law, 277–279
Handbook of the Economics of Art and Culture, 1, 11
Hedonic price models (HPMs)
structural characteristics, 148
Heteroscedastic extreme value (HEV), 149, 160–161
Hindus
economic attitudes, 594–595
immigrants, attitude towards, 594
I
Increasing returns
cultural dynamics and, 472–475
cultural goods, 445
market size effects, 472–475
taste diversity, 466
trait distribution, 453
Independent valuation and summation (IVS)
WTP aggregation, 175
Individual attributes, 23–26
artistic genius, 22–23
Individualism/collectivism, 565, 568–569
International art sales
characteristics, 238–242
vs consumer goods, 244
consumption vs investment, 236–237
HS10 categories, 238–239
income aspects, 247–255
inter-temporal investments in, 236
PIH predictions, 237
sector categories, 242–243
US customs reports, 238
International Federation of the Phonographic Industry, 293
Internet
advertising expenditure, 360–361
audience behavior, 359–360
content making, news, 363
content suppliers in, 366
cross-platform expansion, 366
digital content industries, 277–279
globalization, impact on, 364
HADOPI law, 277–279
media, role in, 359
news, sources, 362
Investment, 5–6
demand, capital, 247
flows, 236
Islamic law/principles
autocratic rulers, 624–625
economic and political development, 600–601
fundamental institutional reforms, 601
on interest rate, 599–600
on intestate succession, 668–669
Kuran’s thesis, 597–601
leader, dual role, 619–620
magnet effect, 668–669
private property rights, 599
social norms and, 672
J
Jews
economic opportunities, 609–610
in Middle Eastern economy, 598
urban occupations, 596
Journal of Cultural Economics, 217–218
K
Kuran
autocratic rulers and, 624–625
Islamic law and, 597–601
political freedom, influence on, 599
L
Law 111, 668
Law enforcer
land conflicts and, 659
preferred judgment, 658
social norms, impact on, 659
Lexicostatistical distances, 517
cognate words, 517
Lifespan development
adulthood trajectories, 26
art-versus-science, factors, 26–27
early antecedents, 26
family background, 26
Likert-scale methodology, 86–87. see also Cultural value, paintings
Linguistic distance
economic impact on, 523–527
international trade and, 523–524
migrations, impact on, 524–526
non-native language, 518–519
translations, literary works, 526–527
Linguistic diversity
economic outcomes, impact on, 519–523
fractionalization, 512–527
post-colonial Africa, 519
Linguistic policies
alienation, individual groups, 509
disenfranchisement, 531–532
in European Union, 540
Linguistic standardization
alienation, individual groups, 530
in European Union, 527, 532–539
in France, 528
in India, 529–530
in Nigeria, 530
in Russia, 528
in Sri Lanka, 529
political accountability, impact on, 527
Linguistic trees
common origin, 514–517
structure, 514–515
Live event industry
economics of, 304–311
pricing discrimination, 305–311
ticket pricing, 301
M
Magnet effect
community-based change, 669
of cost reduction, 673
gender-progressive stance, 665
informal judgment, 657
marginalized people and, 660
matrilineal system, 666–669
in Muslim communities, 668–669
modern law and, 673
PNDC Law 111, 667–668
pre-declaration environment, 671
social practices and, 670
socialization process, 661
Market power
in concert industry, 307
exploitation, by artists, 303, 340–352
live bands, 301–302
pricing styles, 309
Market share
calculation, 149
IIA property, 157
LC analysis, 166
utility levels, 169
Media
audience behavior, 359–360, 372
conventional, 362
cross-platform expansion, 366
diagonal expansion strategy, 365
digital technology, role in, 5, 359–360, 373–375
features, 363
globalization effects, 364–365
intellectual property assets, threat to, 366
local players, 361
merger, 369
monopolistic nature, 363–364
motivating factors, 365
News Corporation and BSkyB, example, 370–373
online intermediaries, 360–361
ownership pattern, 358–359, 369–370
pluralism in, 367–368
policy making, 362, 370–373
political influence, owner’s, 368–369, 373
socio-cultural implications, 367–370
technological change, impact on, 359–363
use of term, 358
Mixed logit (MXL) model
destination choice, 148
vs error components (EC) model, 164
generalized MNL (G-MNL) model, 173
individual choice patterns, 162–164
latent class (LC) model, 165
marginal choice probabilities, 162
mean utility estimation, 158
mixing distribution, price, 167
panel structure data, 163
random taste parameter, 161
utility maximization, 174
WTP stability, 168
Moderate laws
inheritance rights, women (India), 664–666
land access, immigrants (Sub-Saharan Africa), 664–666
Monopolistic competition
cultural effects, 446
home country size, 447
market size and, 446, 474
preference, specific goods, 473
product market, 473–474
trade protection, 445–446
Movies
box office revenue, 186, 189, 208
DVD release and, 206
economics of, 199–204
empirical literature on, 36
increasing returns, 192–193
Pareto distribution, 195
piracy, 206–208
sales ranking, 190
stable distribution, 193–194
survival model, 198
Multinomial logit model
cultural heritage value, 149
in discreet choice experiments, 155–159
properties, 157
Multinomial probit model, 165
Music
accompaniment value, 114–115
aesthetic value, 110–111
artistic value, 106–109
composer’s value, 104–105
distinctive forms, 109–110
DVD market, 192
economic value, 109
experiential value, 107–108
following, 107
human life, impact on, 105–106
idiosyncratic value, 113
illegal downloads, 207
instrumental value, 102–103
intrinsic value, 102–103, 106–107
listener’s value, 104–105
market, 205
mood enhancing, 113–114
non-artistic value, 108
performer’s value, 104–105
philosophical reflection on, 106
practical value, 109
preliminary distinctions, 102–103
psychological benefits, 107
recorded music, sales of, 207–208
sales ranking, 190
self-affirmation value, 111–112
social value, 112–113
survival models, 198
symbolic value, 111
ubiquity of, 106
unique contributors, 106
value categories, 105
voice quality, 204
Music industries. see also Music
artist’s market power, 307, 324
audience diversities, 335
concert sales and recorded sales, 308–309
piracy, 206–208
pricing issues and strategies, 301–302, 311–312, 340
promoter’s role, 338
resale activities, 302
rock and non-rock artists, 335
sales revenues, 353
seating categories, 306
second-degree price discrimination, 334–335
third-degree price discrimination, 316–318
ticket pricing, 303
Muslims
economic attitudes, 594–595
in Europe and North America, 611–612
immigrants, attitude towards, 594
interest ban, 599–600
nation-building ideology, 618–620
organizational changes, impact on, 598
personal merits and engagement, 606
religion-based clubs, 607
social attitudes, 596
women, 610–611
N
Nation-building
by authoritarian rulers, 620–624
religious instrumentalization, 589–590, 617–620
Nested logit (NL) model, 159–160
New preferences
co-evolutionary process, 225–227
cultural consumption, 225
evolution of, 226–227
risk margin, 227
social information, role in, 227
technological changes, impact on, 226–228
Nobel Prizes, 126–127, 130–131, 136–137, 139
Non-attendance, 171–172
O
Online communication, 208
Oscar award
Academy’s voters for, 124
bimodal character of, 123–124
box office receipts and, 122–124, 138–139
commercial licensing arrangements and, 126–127
cultural field, role in, 120, 126–127
durability effect on consumers, 126
Hollywood productions and, 126–127
winning films, 135
P
Paintings
cultural dimensions, 89–91
economic and cultural value, 85–86, 89, 91–96
exports, during recession, 243–244
HS10 categories, 238–239
impulse responses to, 255
physical characteristics, 89
real services, 241–242
UK imports, 237–238
US exports, 235, 243–244, 249
value estimation (economic), 88, 91
Performing arts
examples, 264–265
new cultural products, 264
sectoral lists, 273
Personal data assistants
portable audience response facility (pARF), 64
Pictorial art, aesthetic experience, 58–63
Pictorial balance
organized arrangements, 53, 55
perpetual level, 55–56
Pluralism, media
cause and effect, 368–370
digital technology, role in, 374
economic efficiency, 370
freedom of speech, 367–368
Price discrimination
at artist level, 319–324, 326–327
in concert industry, 303, 314–319
candidate explanation for, 327–340
cost implementation, 338
in live event industry, 304–311
market demands, influence on, 306–308
measurement issues, 314
second-degree, 321, 327–340
third-degree, 316–318, 321–324, 331–334
Prints
annual growth rate, 239–240
impulse responses, 255
real exports, 238–242
real service, 241–242
US exports, 249
Prizes
in art field, 120
awarding ceremonies, 127–128
canonical measurement, 134–135
cash payment, 120–121, 133
commercial value of, 122–129, 137
competition-based, 131
consumer’s role in, 124–125
creative industries, 127–129
credence effect, 126
in cultural field, 125
economy of prestige, 121–122, 129, 133–134
entertainment awards, 126–127
festival circuits, example, 128–129
in films, 123–124
globalization, impact on, 136–137
as judgment devices, 124–126
in literary field, 123
prestige and, 129–137
professional consultants, role, 120–121
quality signals, 124–126
reputation effects, 131–132
sponsoring organization’s role, 127
status and incentives, 132–133
symbolic capital role of, 129–131, 133–134
symbolic economies and, 121, 136
as tournaments of value, 137–138
Production, 1–2, 4, 7
Programming decisions
by cultural organization, 264, 269
commercial aspects, 271
content innovation and, 267
external factors, 265
internal factors, 265
on new pieces, 267
in operas, 266
private funding, 272
professional communities, role in, 273
public funding, 272
Protect Intellectual Property Act (PIPA), 277–279
Pupillometrics, 63–64
R
Radical law
in African tradition, 662–664
heterogeneous preferences, law enforcer, 659
marginalized people and, 661
Random utility theory, 149, 155
Recorded music
demand effects on, 281–283
digitization effects, 279–281
paid consumption, 280–283, 296
unpaid consumption, 280–283, 287, 296
Relative price
changes in, 225–226
competition and, 223–224
consumer behavior, 216
of substitutes, 220–221
technological change, 217, 219–223
welfare effects, 221
Religion
authoritarian rulers, 620–624
cultural norms, 588
developing country context, 595
economic prosperity and, 588–589
individual behavior, 590–604
market or state imperfection, role in, 604–613
market structure models, 613–616
participation intensity, 594
strategic choice, 608–610
Religious symbols. see Veil wearing
Revealed preference (RP) method
cultural heritage, demand for, 147–149
Reynal-Querol Index
civil war incidence and, 501
ethnic polarization and, 489–490
theoretical perspectives, 487
S
Scale versus taste heterogeneity, 172–173
Sculptures
correlation estimates, 255
impulse responses, 255
US export data, 238–242, 249
US import data, 240
Sinhala-Only Act, 529
Skewed distributions, 21–23
correlated residuals, 19
Social media
online product reviews, 208
Social processes
artistic genius, individualistic phenomenon, 34–41
collaborative groups, 35–37
cultural context, 37–41
rivals and associates, relationships, 34
varying degrees, genius, 34–35
‘Special Eurobarometer 243’, 533
Stealing, music
individual approach, 282
revenue reduction, 280
unpaid consumption, 281–282
Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA), 277–279
Subjective game models
evolutionary practices, 652
in formal legal system, 649–652
Supply-side externalities
cultural goods, 444–445
imperfect competition, 445–446
transaction costs, 442–444
T
Technological change
complementary industries, 222
consumer surplus and, 219–220
cultural consumption, 216–217, 222
Hicks-neutral, equilibrium model, 219–220
lower cost, substitute effect, 220
production function and, 219
Schumpeterian definition, 219
standard operationalization, 218
welfare effects and, 220–222
Temporal stability, 20–21
Ticket pricing
data on, 303
fairness norms, 309
in life event industry, 301
nature of, 301
Trade integration
cross-country differences, 448
economic integration, 448
factor endowments, 470–471
market integration, 448
U
UNESCO Convention
on concept of culture, 414–415
on copyright system, 412
legal issues, 432–434
vs WTO treatment, 427–428, 432–436
Universal religion, 604–608
Utility maximization
choice determination and, 174–175
cultural goods, value of, 149
vs regret minimization, 174–175
V
Veil wearing
religious values, 610–613
Viewer personality traits
aesthetic experience, 70–71
Visual arts
aesthetic experience, 58–60, 62, 67
bilateral symmetry, 54
evaluation, 53–54
film, 57
first-order pictorial elements, 51–53
forms of, 50–51
international flows, 238
investment, nature of, 234
perpetual organization levels, 51
selection bias, in trade, 256
selling process, 256
stimulus properties, 66
structural organization, 54–55, 67
Visual acuity index, 57. see also Film
W
Welfare argument
community-level, 658
strategic judgment, 657–658
Welfare effects
globalization and, 447
relative price, 221
of technological change, 220–222
Willingness to pay (WTP)
aesthetic experience, 84
in choice experiment (CE) model, 169
vs WTA asymmetry, 173–174
Word of mouth
book sales, 205
in DVD market, 202–203
film sales, 208
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