Table of Contents

Cover image

Title page

Copyright

Dedication

Preface

Acknowledgement

List of Figures

List of Tables

List of Listings

List of Acronyms

List of Abbreviations

List of Symbols

List of Constants

List of Chemicals

Conversions

I: Fundamentals

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 What is Microfluidics?

1.2 A Brief History of Microfluidics

1.3 Commercial Aspects

1.4 About This Book

1.5 Structure of This Book

Chapter 2: Introduction to Maple

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Elementary Maple Commands

2.3 The File Core.txt

2.4 The File Corefunctions.txt

2.5 The Neptunlib

2.6 Summary

Chapter 3: Engineering Mathematics

3.1 Differential Equations

3.2 Important Functions

3.3 Commonly Used Calculus Tricks

3.4 Summary

Chapter 4: Series

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Taylor Series

4.3 Fourier Series

4.4 Fourier-Bessel Series

4.5 Conclusion

Chapter 5: Transforms

5.1 Fourier Transform

5.2 Laplace Transform

5.3 Summary

Chapter 6: Thermodynamics

6.1 Atomic Model

6.2 Weights and Concentrations

6.3 Important Terms and Concepts in Thermodynamics

6.4 Ideal Gases

6.5 Idealized Thermodynamic Processes

6.6 First Law of Thermodynamics

6.7 Second Law of Thermodynamics

6.8 Third Law of Thermodynamics

6.9 Heat and Mass Transfer

6.10 SUMMARY

Chapter 7: Vector Calculus

7.1 Scalars and Vectors

7.2 Important Theorems in Vector Calculus

7.3 Coordinate System Transformation

7.4 Position, Velocity, and Acceleration

7.5 Jacobian Matrix

7.6 Operators Transformed into the different Coordinate Systems

7.7 Summary

Chapter 8: Differential Equations

8.1 Important Differential Equations

8.2 General Solutions to Selected Ordinary Differential Equations

8.3 General Solutions to Selected Partial Differential Equations

II: Bulk Fluid Flows

Chapter 9: Fluids

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Solids, Liquids, and Gases at the Atomic Scale

9.3 Control Volumes

9.4 Fluid Properties

9.5 Momentum Transport

9.6 Heat Transport

9.7 Mass Transport

9.8 Boundary Conditions

9.9 Dimensionless Numbers

9.10 Summary

Chapter 10: Conservation of Mass: The Continuity Equation

10.1 Fluid Flow in the Bulk

10.2 Continuity Equation

10.3 Integral Representation of the Flowrate

10.4 Mass Balance

10.5 Derivation using Gauss’s Theorem

10.6 Combined Convection and Diffusion: The Convection-Diffusion Equation

10.7 Summary

Chapter 11: Conservation of Momentum: The Navier-Stokes Equation

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Momentum Transfer Into and Out of a Control Volume

11.3 Momentum by in- and Outflowing Mass

11.4 Momentum by Shear Forces

11.5 Momentum by Volume Forces

11.6 Balance of Momentum

11.7 Navier-Stokes Equation for Incompressible Newtonian Fluids

11.8 Dimensional Analysis

11.9 Conclusion

Chapter 12: Conservation of Energy: The Energy Equation and the Thermodynamic Equation of State

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Energy Transfer by Convection

12.3 Heat Flow by Conduction

12.4 Work Flow by Boundary Forces

12.5 Heat Flow by Volume Effects

12.6 Work Flow by Volume Forces

12.7 Balance of Contributions

12.8 Thermodynamic Equation of State

12.9 Summary

Chapter 13: Continuity and Navier-Stokes Equations in Different Coordinate Systems

13.1 Cartesian Coordinates

13.2 Cylindrical Coordinates

13.3 Polar Coordinates

13.4 Spherical Coordinates

13.5 Summary

Chapter 14: The Circular Flow Tube

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Conservation of Mass: The Continuity Equation

14.3 Conservation of Momentum: The Navier-Stokes Equation

14.4 Euler Equation

14.5 Bernoulli Equation

14.6 Conservation of Energy

14.7 Deriving the Euler Equation by a Coordinate System Transformation

14.8 Summary

Chapter 15: Analytical Solutions to the Navier-Stokes Equation

15.1 Hydrostatics and Aerostatics

15.2 Shear Force-Driven Flow: Couette Flow

15.3 Gravity-Driven Flow

15.4 Pressure-Driven Flow: Poiseuille Flow

15.5 Summary

Chapter 16: Analytical Solutions to Poiseuille Flow Problems in Different Geometries

16.1 Elliptical and Circular Profiles

16.2 Planar Infinitesimally Extended Channel Cross-Sections

16.3 Flows in Circular Cross-Sections: Hagen-Poiseuille Flow

16.4 Flows in Rectangular Cross-Sections: Solution to Poisson and Laplace Equations

16.5 Summary

Chapter 17: Hydraulic Resistance

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Viscous Dissipation

17.3 Hydraulic Resistance of Important flow Channel Geometries

17.4 Simplification Approaches to Hydraulic Resistances

17.5 Equivalent Circuit Theory

17.6 Summary

Chapter 18: Analytical Solutions to Transient Flow Problems

18.1 Time-Dependent Transient Effects: Acceleration and Deceleration

18.2 Time-Dependent Couette Flow

18.3 Time-Dependent Hagen-Poiseuille Flow

18.4 Time-Dependent Flow in Rectangular Cross-Sections

18.5 Entrance Effects in Hagen-Poiseuille Flow

18.6 Summary

Chapter 19: Taylor-Aris Dispersion

19.1 Introduction

19.2 Dispersion

19.3 Convection-Diffusion Equation for Cylindrical Cross-Sections

19.4 Mass Concentration Function

19.5 Convection-Diffusion Equation

19.6 Solving for P

19.7 Solving for P

19.8 Validity of the Solution

19.9 Example

19.10 SUMMARY

III: Fluid Surface Effects

Chapter 20: Surface Tension

20.1 Fluid Effects at Interfaces

20.2 Contact Angle Measurement

20.3 Surfactants

20.4 Marangoni Effect

20.5 Summary

Chapter 21: Capillarity

21.1 Capillary Pressure

21.2 Capillary Length

21.3 Meniscus Formation

21.4 Summary

Chapter 22: Measuring Surface Tension and Free Surface Energy

22.1 Introduction

22.2 Measuring the Surface Tension of Liquids

22.3 MEASURING THE FREE SURFACE ENERGY

22.4 Summary

Chapter 23: Plateau-Rayleigh Instability

23.1 Introduction

23.2 Stability Considerations

23.3 Fluid Jets

23.4 Instability

23.5 Standing Waves on a Fluid Jet

23.6 Characteristic Breakup Time

23.7 Applicability of the Plateau-Rayleigh Instability

23.8 Summary

Chapter 24: The Shape of Drops

24.1 Introduction

24.2 Derivation

24.3 Bashforth and Adams: Curvature Expressed as Z (X)

24.4 Brien, Ben, and Van den Brule: Curvature Expressed as Function of θ (Sessile Drops)

24.5 Del Río and Neumann: Curvature Expressed as Function of S (Pendant Drop)

24.6 Comparison With Experimental Data

24.7 Drops Inside of a Fluid

24.8 Historical Development of Drop-Shape Analysis

24.9 Summary

IV: Numerics

Chapter 25: Numerical Methods for Linear Systems of Equations

25.1 Introduction

25.2 Solutions to Linear Systems of Equations

25.3 Numerical Solutions to Linear Systems of Equations

25.4 Summary

Chapter 26: Numerical Solutions to Nonlinear Systems: Newton’s Method

26.1 Introduction

26.2 An Example: The Loran System

26.3 Newton’s Method

26.4 A Solver Implemented in Maple

26.5 Summary

Chapter 27: Numerical Methods for Solving Differential Equations

27.1 Introduction

27.2 Numerical Solutions to Ordinary Differential Equations

27.3 Numerical Solutions to Higher-Order Ordinary Differential Equations and Systems of Coupled Ordinary Differential Equations

27.4 Numerical Solutions to Systems of Ordinary Differential Equations with Boundary Conditions

27.5 Summary

Chapter 28: Numerical Solutions to the Navier-Stokes Equation

28.1 Introduction

28.2 Solution to the Poisson Equation

28.3 Solution to the Poisson Equation Using SOR

28.4 Summary

Chapter 29: Computational Fluid Dynamics

29.1 Introduction

29.2 Galerkin Method

29.3 Summary

Chapter 30: Finite Difference Method

30.1 Introduction

30.2 Advantages and Disadvantages

30.3 FDM in Microsoft Excel

30.4 Summary

Chapter 31: Finite Volume Method

31.1 Introduction

31.2 Conservative form Notation

31.3 Integral form of the Conservative Notation

31.4 Discretization

31.5 Function Reconstruction

31.6 Example: One-Dimensional Heat Equation

31.7 Two-Dimensional Problems of First Order in Time and Space

31.8 Two-Dimensional Problems of First Order in Time and Second-Order in Space

31.9 Summary

Chapter 32: Finite Element Method

32.1 Introduction

32.2 Discretization

32.3 Lagrangian Coordinates

32.4 Basis Functions

32.5 One-Dimensional Example: Flow in Infinitesimally Extended Channels

32.6 Two-Dimensional Example: Flow in Rectangular Channels

32.7 Summary

Chapter 33: Numerical Solutions to Transient Flow Problems

33.1 Introduction

33.2 A Numerical Solver for Two-dimensional Time-Dependent Flow Problems

33.3 A Numerical Solver for Two-Dimensional Entrance Flow Problems

33.4 Summary

Chapter 34: Numerical Solutions to Three-Dimensional Flow Problems

34.1 Introduction

34.2 Derivation

34.3 Implementation of a Stationary Flow Numerical Solver

34.4 Usage of the Numerical Solver

34.5 Summary

Bibliography

Index

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