AC Input, 58–60, 71, 145, 146, 159, 176, 205, 209, 211, 232, 257

Active current control, 22

Agriculture lighting, 294

Automotive lighting, 1, 5, 152

Backlight, 14, 74, 75, 78–80, 84, 114, 210, 287, 296

Bi-bred, 157, 159, 161, 162

Bifilar, 150, 242

Bipolar transistor, 23, 224

Blanking time, 208

Bobbin, 233, 241, 244

Boost, 2, 28, 29, 41, 42, 73–115, 117–154, 156–162, 165, 167, 177, 190, 191, 204, 205, 210, 211, 215, 226, 258, 277, 291, 293, 295–297

Boost-buck, 5, 117, 120, 121, 124, 128, 129, 139, 144, 145, 152, 154, 157, 159, 162, 163, 165, 190, 201, 205, 210, 211, 258, 295, 296

Buck, 28, 43–71, 78, 86, 117–154, 157–158, 162, 165, 167, 177, 184, 186, 190, 191, 203, 204, 205, 208–210, 212, 216, 223, 251, 258, 279, 291, 292, 295–298

Buck-boost, 152, 153, 157, 158, 162, 163, 165, 167, 177, 190, 191, 204, 210, 212

Buck-Boost & Buck (BBB), 157, 162–165, 174, 176, 177

Capacitor, 11, 13, 42, 46, 49, 51, 56, 58, 60, 61, 63, 68, 70, 71, 74, 75, 77, 78, 82–85, 89–92, 95, 106–109, 111, 118–121, 126, 127, 129, 132–134, 136–138, 143, 145, 147, 149, 151, 156, 157, 161–165, 168–170, 174, 177, 181, 183, 186, 189, 191, 193, 206, 209, 211, 212, 215, 218, 227–229, 232, 233, 237, 251–253, 255, 257, 259, 260, 263, 270, 276, 280, 293

Carbon film, 235, 236

Ceramic, 52, 56, 91, 95, 108, 111, 133, 134, 136, 138, 149, 151, 227–232, 235–238, 253, 259, 260, 276, 290

Channel lighting, 11, 12, 41, 296

Circuit breaker, 272–273, 295

Clamping circuit, 100

Color, 84, 210, 294, 297

Common-mode choke, 211

Comparator, 29, 47, 48, 50, 53, 54, 63, 70, 83, 96, 112, 124, 125, 132, 138, 142, 143, 161, 163, 165, 166, 171, 175, 184, 195, 205–208, 239, 281

Compensation network, 82, 84, 96–98, 112

Constant current, 28–30, 34–36, 51, 79, 145, 158, 189, 206, 218, 251, 296, 297

Constant off-time, 51, 53, 56, 71, 82, 124, 166, 206, 216

Continuous conduction mode (CCM), 66, 68, 77, 85, 86, 100, 118, 139, 159, 191, 192, 211, 212, 292

Copper losses, 241, 246

Core losses, 85, 88, 104, 148, 151, 172, 186, 234, 241, 245

Creepage distance, 6, 263, 273–275, 278

Cuk converter, 118, 119, 126, 127, 130, 145, 211, 277

Current limiter, 23–25, 35, 209, 295

Current mirror, 26, 27, 29, 31, 51, 92, 109, 165, 166, 224, 225

Current sense, 35, 44, 45, 47, 50, 53, 54, 63, 64, 70, 71, 79, 80, 82, 83, 93, 94, 100, 109, 110, 119, 125, 138, 139, 142–144, 149, 153, 159, 161–163, 166, 171, 178, 184, 192, 195, 205, 206, 218, 236, 239, 240, 252–254, 260, 271

Current sink, 24, 35, 36, 297

Current source, 22, 24, 25, 27, 29, 35, 42, 95, 111, 127, 158, 174, 222, 259

Delay, 49, 51, 63, 64, 123, 124, 132, 139, 195, 235, 273, 285

Depletion MOSFET, 23, 24

Detecting failures, 25

Dimming ratio, 129

Diodes, 16, 19, 28, 30, 31, 66, 71, 173, 174, 186, 224, 226, 292, 297

Discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), 66, 85, 159

Dissipation factor, 229

Double buck, 66, 68, 215

Dummy load, 30, 31, 292

Duty cycle, 44, 53, 56, 57, 61, 68, 70, 71, 78, 87, 95, 103, 105, 127, 129, 131, 134, 162, 163, 169, 170, 179, 196, 197, 208, 216, 235, 292, 295

E-core, 244

Efficiency, 13, 22, 33, 41, 59, 101, 151, 172, 173, 177, 198, 203, 207, 265, 294

Electrolytic capacitor, 56, 61, 129, 164, 168, 209, 215, 229, 253, 263, 265, 270

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), 156, 249, 285

Electromagnetic interference (EMI), 33, 78, 118, 203, 249, 278, 279

Energy gap, 9

Energy storage, 77, 156, 158, 169, 177, 227, 228, 233, 297

Equivalent circuit (to a LED), 15, 16, 227

Equivalent series resistance (ESR), 15, 19, 37, 45, 149, 227, 243

Failure detection, 4

Fans, 270

Feedback, 22–24, 28, 30, 34, 44, 45, 48, 51, 79, 80, 82, 84, 153, 157, 163, 166, 189, 190, 195, 218, 239, 240, 271, 297

Ferrite, 186, 199, 233, 234, 242–245

Filter, 1, 11, 41, 44, 71, 82, 133, 144, 151, 166, 176, 183, 203, 206, 209, 211, 215, 233, 244, 254, 259, 260, 276, 279

Flyback, 189–201, 212, 235, 291

Forward voltage drop, 3, 15–17, 22, 33, 38, 71, 106, 135, 150, 159, 198, 207, 224, 225, 295

Gain bandwidth, 239

Gas discharge, 263

Gate charge, 52, 89, 91, 105, 134, 172, 181, 221, 222, 224

Gate drive, 29, 45, 54, 161, 172, 177, 218, 223, 224, 252, 256

Harmonics, 144, 169, 249, 254

Heat, 11, 16, 27, 31, 42, 203, 234, 245, 265, 267, 290

Heat sink, 11, 31, 42, 265, 267–269, 290

Hysteretic controller, 48, 53, 120, 138

Inductor, 43–46, 57, 61, 68, 74, 76–85, 95, 104, 110, 119, 123, 133, 141, 153, 168, 174, 185, 186, 232–235, 255, 289

Input offset voltage, 239

Inrush current, 58, 60, 209, 212, 273

Iron dust core, 233, 243

Isolation, 28, 190, 205, 271, 272, 290

Leading edge blanking, 208

LED equivalent circuit, 16

Light flux, 14

Linear dimming, 50, 52, 83, 139, 215, 279, 281

Linear regulator, 2, 24, 28, 33, 37, 38, 41, 52, 53, 158–160, 203, 204

Litz wire, 234, 243, 247

Loss tangent, 229

Low voltage, 6, 46, 52, 74, 78, 79, 86, 169, 207, 210, 240, 273, 277, 294, 299

Magnetising losses, 186

Metal film, 91, 108, 227, 228, 236

Miller Effect, 213, 223

Molypermalloy powder (MPP) core, 243

Mood lighting, 11, 14

MOSFET, 5, 23, 24, 44, 46, 47, 51–54, 58, 62, 77, 80, 83, 89, 91, 105, 108, 137, 143, 148, 161, 172, 181, 193, 196, 205, 208, 221, 223, 224, 252, 254–256, 268, 269, 292, 296

NTC thermistor, 213, 273

N-type, 9, 220, 221, 225

Open circuit protection, 29

Operational amplifier, 33, 36, 239

Opto-coupler, 29, 190, 212, 271

Oscillator frequency, 80

Over voltage protection, 28, 29, 80, 81, 83, 138–140, 175, 210, 211

Overshoot, 132, 195

Parallel LEDs, 22

Parasitic elements, 168, 206, 207

Passive current control, 20

Peak current control, 47, 50, 53, 55, 80, 97, 112, 165, 167

Phase dimmer, 190, 279

Piezo electric effect, 44, 91, 231

Plastic film, 133, 151, 163, 227–229, 253, 263

P-N Junction, 9, 10, 106, 220, 223, 225, 280, 292

Polycarbonate, 228, 229, 232

Polyester, 215, 227–229, 232, 253, 276

Polypropylene, 56, 61, 91, 108, 231, 232, 276

Polystyrene, 231

Pot-core, 244

Power factor, 4, 12, 37, 53, 59, 146, 155, 156, 189, 203, 211, 215, 232, 242, 290, 291

Power factor correction (PFC), 53, 145, 155, 156, 205, 211, 226, 242

Power loss, 65, 91, 108, 150, 163, 172, 178, 209, 265, 266

Printed circuit board (PCB), 206, 207, 233, 236, 257, 291

P-type, 9, 220, 221

Pulse width modulation (PWM), 10, 74, 79, 212, 279, 281, 292

PWM dimming, 10, 47, 79, 80, 82, 85, 89, 97, 106, 115, 119, 129, 279, 292, 293

Reverse recovery time, 46, 62, 63, 77, 174, 207, 224, 226, 253

Resistor, 20, 21, 23, 35, 47, 51, 56, 59, 63, 93, 109, 110, 129, 142, 145, 166, 235, 236, 283

Resonant frequency, 91, 92, 128, 251

Ripple current, 56, 57, 61, 62, 89, 106, 108, 157, 181, 205, 206, 217, 228, 245

Safety, 12, 28, 57, 271–278

Saturation current, 88, 104, 141, 150, 154, 172, 208, 233, 234

Safety extra low voltage (SELV), 277

Screen, 74, 189, 237, 261

Schottky diode, 47, 58, 71, 106, 135, 207, 225, 226

Single ended primary inductance converter (SEPIC), 117, 145

Self-resonance, 229

Semiconductor, 15, 33, 46, 152, 157, 190, 219, 220, 268, 284, 296

Series LEDs, 3, 22, 29, 43, 47, 79, 293

Short circuit protection, 25, 54, 83

Skin effect, 150, 234, 246

Slope compensation, 53, 71, 82, 94, 215, 217, 218, 235

Snubber, 145, 147, 152, 183, 197, 226

Soft-start, 75, 97, 120, 213, 215

Soldering, 238

Stability, 34, 53, 91, 94, 167, 244

Step up and down, 235

Step-down, 41, 43, 187, 235

Step-up, 75, 85, 87, 100, 115, 146, 235

Streetlights, 13, 158, 290, 291

Surface mount, 42, 228, 230, 233, 235–237, 239, 268, 269

Switching frequency, 49, 52, 56, 59, 71, 86, 92, 102, 113, 123, 129, 130, 134, 144, 149, 166, 194, 208, 224, 243, 292

Switched linear regulator, 33, 37, 38, 203

Synchronization, 46, 82, 293

Temperature, 11, 15, 22, 48, 89, 108, 150, 182, 228, 230, 232, 238, 239, 246, 265, 266, 268, 270, 274

Temperature coefficient, 36, 58, 230, 231, 235, 236, 238

Testing LED drivers, 30

Thermal resistance, 266–270

Thermistor, 48, 58, 60, 213, 273

Through-hole, 235–238, 269

Toroidal, 145, 233, 243–245, 253

Traffic lights, 1, 10–12, 158, 265

Transformer, 41, 147, 189, 190, 194, 196, 197, 199, 212, 232, 235, 242, 244, 271, 277

Transorb suppressors, 226, 227

Ultra-fast diodes, 46, 62, 77, 221

Voltage dependent resistor (VDR), 145, 226, 262

Voltage drop, 11, 15, 16, 19–21, 27, 35, 38, 42, 45–47, 71, 134, 139, 159, 198, 205, 224, 292, 298

Voltage limiting, 28

Voltage regulator, 24, 33, 35, 37, 165, 226, 268

Voltage source, 19, 22, 25, 93, 157, 233

Wire-wound, 235, 236, 263

Zener diodes, 16, 19, 25, 30, 31, 36, 38, 39, 80, 139, 174, 175, 182, 197, 198, 226, 227, 240, 263