The grammar of graphics is a way to declaratively think about graphics, giving us a convenient way to arrange the main components of a plot, like we are used to doing with words to compose a statement.

These main components are as follows:

• Data: The actual variables to be plotted
• Aesthetics: The scales onto which we will map our data
• Geometries: Shapes used to represent our data
• Facets: Rows and columns of subplots
• Statistics: Statistical models and summaries
• Coordinates: The plotting space we are using