9.4. PLAYING MANAGER 47
A
B
C
Figure 9.3: Players with multiple capabilities.
consists of the best 11 players. He demonstrated this truth by raising up the University of Notre
Dame’s football team to their highest ever winning level. Until then, they had been at the bot-
tom. However, in spite of this great achievement, nobody knows the names of the players who
contributed to this success. Just the team’s overall accomplishments.
What is important here is not only do we need versatile players, but the strategic goal
which changes from minute to minute must be understood and shared among them.
9.4 PLAYING MANAGER
In the case of soccer, Franz Beckenbauer, German football player and manager who was nick-
named Der Kaiser, introduced the Libero system, which is an adaptive network operation. He
further changed the role of a midfielder. Until then, a midfielder’s role is defender. But as for-
wards need to focus their attention toward the goal and midfielders can best see the flow of the
game, he changed the role of midfielders into playing manager so, more adequate decisions can
be made to turn the tide.
is teaches us a lesson that in rapidly and extensively changing situations we need a
playing manager. e manager outside of the pitch is no help, because situational awareness and
quick to action are requisites in strategy to respond to these rapidly changing situations (Figs. 9.4
and 9.5).
9.5 ADAPTIVE TEAM ORGANIZATION: DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN A SPORT TEAM AND PRODUCT TEAM
SPORT TEAM
In such a game as soccer, the number of team members is fixed and these members do not change
often. So, each member is required to have diverse capabilities to adapt to the changes that come
with each game.
48 9. INDIVIDUAL PRODUCTS TO TEAM PRODUCTS–INDIVIDUAL PLAY TO TEAM PLAY
Output 1 Output 2
Figure 9.4: Traditional engineering (humans outside).
Output 1 Output 2
Figure 9.5: Engineering in the connected society (humans inside).
PRODUCT TEAM
But in the case of team products, situations are very different. Users may expect many different
things from time to time because situations change so frequently. e organization of products
they would like to use as a team varies from time to time. e number of team members and
how they are organized vary to respond to customer requirements.
USER PREFERENCES
And we must consider user preferences.
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