1. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, “National Data,” http://bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?ReqID=9.

2. United States Census Bureau, “Foreign Trade. Annual Trade Highlights, 2015 Press Highlights,” http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/statistics/highlights/annual.html, accessed May 16, 2016.

3. Ibid.

4. World Bank, “World Development Indicators, GDP,” http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?order=wbapi_data_value_2012+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&sort=desc.

5. Deloitte, 2015 Global Manufacturing Competitive Index, Summary Brief, www2.deloitte.com/us/en/pages /manufacturing/articles/global-manufacturing -competitiveness-index.html.

6. “Customer-Made,” May 31, 2012, http://trendwatching.com/trends/CUSTOMER-MADE.htm, reprinted with permission.

7. Martin Murray, “Reducing Transportation Costs,” About Money, November, 25, 2014, http://logistics.about.com/od/forsmallbusinesses/a/Reducing-Transportation-Costs.htm, accessed May 14, 2016.

8. “Tata Steel Ranked World’s Best Steel Maker by World Steel Dynamics,” Tata, June 22, 2005, www.tata.com/media/releases/inside.aspx?artid=nAIH2iibp8Q=.

9. Reverse Logistics: From Trash to Cash. Bloomberg Businessweek, July 28, 2008, www.businessweek.com/stories/2008-07-23/reverse-logistics-from-trash-to-cash.

10. Paul Graham, “How to Be Silicon Valley,” May 2006, www.paulgraham.com/siliconvalley.html.

11. N. Shivapriya, “India Remains World’s Top Outsourcing Destination,” Bloomberg Businessweek, July 10, 2009, www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/jul2009/gb20090710_974200.htm.

12. Jonathan Bymes, “Dell Manages Profitability, Not Inventory,” in Working Knowledge for Business Leaders, Harvard Business School, http://hbswk.hbs.edu/archive/3497.html.

13. American Society for Quality, “The History of Quality—Total Quality,” www.asq.org/learn-about-quality/history-of-quality/overview/total-quality.html.

14. Motorola, Inc., “Motorola University: Six Sigma in Action,” www.motorola.com/Business/US-EN/Motorola=University.

15. International Organization for Standardization, “ISO Standards,” www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue.htm.

16. Fielding, Stanley. “ISO 14001 Brings Change and Delivers Profits,” Quality Digest, www.qualitydigest.com/nov00/html/iso14000.html.

17. “The Gartner Supply Chain Top 25 for 2016,” May 14, 2016, http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/3053118.

18. “Reducing Costs through Production and Supply Chain Management,” QFINANCE, www.qfinance.com/operations-management-best-practice/reducing-costs-through-production-and-supply-chain-management?page=1.