5.7. Summary

In this chapter, we discussed multiobjective design optimization, in which more than one objective is being minimized simultaneously. We started with basic concepts and Pareto optimality, and then we used a simple pyramid example to illustrate the essential points of multiobjective design optimization, especially the Pareto front in the criterion space. We introduced major solution techniques in four categories: methods with a priori articulation of preferences criteria, a posteriori articulation of preferences, no articulation of preferences, and multiobjective genetic algorithms. We pointed out the pros and cons of methods in individual categories and used simple examples for illustration. We also revisited the topic of decision-based design using decision theories, including utility theory and game theory. We reviewed the topic from the context of MOO problems and compared the decision methods with those of conventional MOO solution techniques. We pointed out that the solutions obtained using decision theories are subsets of the Pareto front. However, game theory supports a broader and practical design scenario that involves multiple designers or teams making design decisions simultaneously and sequentially. We reviewed commercial and academic codes for multiobjective design optimization and discussed their pros and cons.
In addition, we included advanced topics that are relevant to design optimization. We presented reliability-based design optimization that incorporates variations in physical parameters and design variables into design optimization. Also, we presented a case of design optimization that takes product cost, including manufacturing, as objective functions.
We hope that this chapter provides readers with adequate depth and enough breadth in these important and practical topics. We hope the materials presented in this chapter explained the basic concepts and solution techniques for solving MOO problems. We hope the overview on software programs offered ideas on the kind of codes that you may further investigate or adopt for solving the MOO problems you are encountering. Finally, we hope this chapter broadened your understanding of design theory and the methods in general, as well as added more practical tools to your toolset for engineering design.
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