Projects and Tasks

Solaris 9 has introduced a number of resource-management improvements. One of the most important is the concept of projects and tasks. These are used to identify what is called a workload. For projects, this means some related work, such as payroll development. For tasks, it means a group of processes that represent a component of a workload, such as calculation of pay.

The concept behind projects is to be able to identify the separate work-loads that are running on the system and then to administer and report on them individually. Projects are useful when using a chargeback method to “bill” each project for resource usage. This allows the extended accounting software to identify how much resource a particular project has used.

A user or group can belong to one or more projects and also can be assigned a default project, very similar to the standard Solaris group membership mechanism. Project administration is carried out using the file /etc/project (this can also be used in a name service, such as NIS). The default /etc/project file is shown here:

system:0:::: 
user.root:1:::: 
noproject:2:::: 
default:3:::: 
group.staff:10::::

Table 15.13 lists a number of commands that are used to administer projects and tasks:

Table 15.13. Project and Task Administration Commands
Command Description
projects Prints the project membership of a user.
newtask Executes the user’s default shell or specified command, placing the command in a new task that is owned by the specified project.
projadd Adds a new project entry to the /etc/project file.
projmod Modifies a project’s information held in the /etc/project file.
projdel Deletes a project entry from the /etc/project file.
id Used with the –p option, prints the current project ID in addition to the user and group IDs.

More information on projects and tasks can be found in the “System Administration Guide: Resource Management and Network Services” manual online at http://docs.sun.com, as well as the manual page for project.

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