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Figures and Tables
by Alastair Fuad-Luke
Design Activism
Front Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyrights
Contents
Figures and Tables
Acronyms and Abbreviations
Acknowledgements
Preface
1 Scoping the Territory: Design, Activism and Sustainability
Defining ‘design’ today
Defining ‘activism’ today
Activism and the Five Capitals Framework
The activism landscape
Activism in architecture, design and art
Motivation and intention
Issue-led design and the sustainability challenge
Defining the design activism space
Drawing lines between ‘avant-garde’ and ‘activism’
A preliminary definition of ‘design activism’
Notes
2 Past Lessons: A Short History of Design in Activist Mode, 1750–2000
Design as ‘giving form to culture’
1750–1960: Mass production and (sporadic) modernity
Existenzminimum and other socially orientated housing projects by the Deutscher Werkbund
Bauhaus myths and realities
1960–2000: From Pop and Postmodernism to Postmodern ecology and beyond
The Postmodern ecologists
The alternative designers
The eco-efficiency activists
What are the lessons learnt?
Notes
3 Global–Local Tensions: Key Issues for Design in an Unsustainable World
A precarious balance in a changing climate
Resource depletion
Oil and peak oil
Essential minerals
Land for food production
Water for humans and agriculture
Ecological capacity and biodiversity
Unsustainable consumption and production
Social inequity, poverty and migration
Economic inequity and new visions of enterprise
Other significant issues
Notes
4 Contemporary Expressions: Design Activism, 2000 Onwards
Thinking about design activism
‘Socially active design’: some emergent studies
An emergent typology of contemporary design activism?
Another approach to contextualizing design activism
The critical role of artefacts in design activism
Activism targeting the over-consumers
Raising awareness, changing perceptions, changing behaviour
Ways of making and producing
Eco-efficiency improvements
Contesting meaning and consumption
Social cohesion and community building
Miscellaneous activism
Activism targeting the under-consumers
Shelter, water, food
Raising awareness by education
Tackling health issues
Miscellaneous activism
Notes
5 Designing Together: The Power of ‘We Think’, ‘We Design’, ‘We Make’
Dealing with ‘wicked problems’
The rise of co-creation, co-innovation and co-design
The open source and open design movements
The intellectual commons
Design approaches that encourage participation
Co-design
Notes
6. Activist Frameworks and Tools: Nodes, Networks and Technology
People, people, people
Toolbox for online world
Existing design activism networks
Distributed collaboration
Ways of sharing visualizations
Ways of making
Toolbox for real world
Selecting the right kind of co-design event
Notes
7 Adaptive Capacity: Design as a Societal Strategy for Designing ‘Now’ and ‘Co-futuring’
Design for a better future
The happy sustainable planet?
Bio-local and bio-regional
Emerging enterprise models
New ways of making and building
Eco-efficient futures (slowing and powering down)
Regeneration and renewal
Maverick, solo designer or co-designer?
Anticipatory democracy and the ‘MootSpace’
Notes
Key Design Movements and Groups, 1850–2000: Activist, but Where, and for Whom or What?
The Millennium Development Goals, published by the United Nations (2000): Goals, Targets and Indicators
Metadesign Tools Emerging from the Attainable Utopias Project
Slow Design Principles, Philosophy, Process and Outcomes
The DEEDS Core Principles
Nodes of Design Activism
Illustration credits
Index
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Prev
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Contents
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Acronyms and Abbreviations
Figures and Tables
Figures
1.1
Design descriptors
1.2
Design in relation to other disciplinary studies focusing on ‘things and systems’
1.3
Anthropocentric views of ten key ‘capitals’
1.4
Activism around financial capital
1.5
Activism around natural capital
1.6
Activism around human capital
1.7
Activism around manufactured capital
1.8
Activism around social capital
1.9
Activism around man-made goods capital
1.10
A schematic of intention and motivation
1.11
Eco-design, sustainable design, designing for sustainability
2.1
How has the role of design changed over time with successive economies and space–time models?
2.2
Furniture for the ‘People’s Apartment’, Bauhaus touring exhibition 1929
2.3
Design themes from Postmodern ecology and a model of nourishment and well-being in the new Postmodern eco-economic landscape
3.1
IPCC impacts associated with global average temperature rise
3.2
Peak oil and gas liquids, 2004 scenario
3.3
The condition of many global ecosystems has been declining
3.4
Countries in ecological deficit or credit
3.5
The UK’s global ecological footprint
3.6
The Ecological Footprint of the ‘over-consumers’
3.7
The future of ‘sustainable business value’
4.1
Sustainable Everyday – ‘quick’, ‘slow’ and ‘co-operative’ solutions
4.2
Fallman’s triangle of design practice, studies and explorations
4.3
Changing Habbits, Giraffe Innovation/Royal Society of Arts
4.4
Worldmapper cartograms: Standard projection and ‘absolute poverty’
4.5
Virtual Water poster by Timm Kerkeritz
4.6
Project 192021 world population clock
4.7
Clean tap water by Mads Hagstroem, FLOWmarket
4.8
Lunchbox Laboratory by Futurefarmers and National Renewable Energy Laboratory
4.9
No Shop by Thomas Matthews
4.10
UK government’s future transport scenarios
4.11
Future Currents project, RED, the Design Council, UK
4.12
Grow Fur by Cay Green
4.13
Ways of designing and making
4.14
Tache Naturelle by Martin Ruiz de Azúa
4.15
An Affair with a Chair by Natalie Schaap
4.16
do Hit chair for Droog by Marijn van der Poll
4.17
Three White Canvas Clocks by Stuart Walker
4.18
RepRap by Adrian Bowyer and Vik Oliver
4.19
Connecting Lines, a project with factory workers in Jingdezhen, China, by Judith van den Boom
4.20
Proto Gardening Bench by Jurgen Bey for the Oranienbaum project for Droog
4.21
Plantware, living functional plant structures, by Yael Stav of Innivo Design
4.22
Codha chair by Richard Liddle, Codha Design
4.23
REEE chair by Sprout Design for Pli Design
4.24
MP3 eco-player by Trevor Baylis
4.25
Flamp by Martí Guixé
4.26
Fab Tree Hab by Terreform 1
4.27
CityCar by MIT Smart Cities
4.28
c,mm,n open source car, the Netherlands
4.29
Boase housing development, Copenhagen, by Force4 and KHRAS
4.30
One-Night Wonder, The Lifetimes Project and No Wash Top, 5 Ways Project
4.31
Tyranny of the Plug by Dick van Hoff
4.32
Broken White by Simon Heijdens
4.33
Living with Things by Monika Hoinkis
4.34
Tensta Konsthall by Front
4.35
Clock by Thorunn Arnadottir
4.36
The Hug Shirt™ bu CuteCircuit
4.37
The Placebo project by Antony Dunne and Fiona Raby
4.38
The Urban Farming project by Dott 07
4.39
Eco-cathedral by Louis Le Roy
4.40
Siyathemba by Swee Hong Ng, Architecture for Humanity
4.41
The US$20,000 house by Rural Studio graduates
4.42
ParaSITE by Michael Rakowitz
4.43
Kenya Ceramic Jiko portable charcoal stove, Design for the Other 90%
4.44
Ceramic water filter, Cambodia
4.45
Q Drum water transporter
4.46
Oxfam bucket
4.47
Watercone
®
by Stephan Augustin
4.48
One Laptop per Child (OLPC)
4.49
LifeStraw
®
by Vestergaard Frandsen
4.50
Solar Aid by Godisa Technologies
5.1
Design, the wise regulation of dynamic elements
5.2
The shift from customers to co-creators
5.3
An idealized schematic for the co-design process
5.4
Interactions examined in social theory
5.5
Social workers’ generalist practice of problem solving
5.6
Ideation of new concepts in a workshop by using the ‘slow design’ principles
5.7
Concept design for a local, organic, cyclic milk system – ‘Milkota’
5.8
‘Milkota’ – concept renders for a milk bottle and cooler system
6.1
Identifying key actors and stakeholders
6.2
Contemporary design activist networks
6.3
Tools for online collaboration for multi-actors
6.4
8 × 4 Tempo project
6.5
Co-design events, designer-led to non-designer-led
6.6
Methods and tools to help facilitate a co-design workshop
7.1
Spheres of well-being for consideration by designers
7.2
MootSpace – a modular build environment for design democracy
7.3
MootSpace examples
Tables
1.1
Prefixes and suffixes associated with the word ‘design’
1.2
The Five Capitals model and other capitals
1.3
Characteristics and contemporary issues associated with particular design approaches/frameworks
2.1
Interpretations of ‘design culture’
3.1
Three metrics to measure the nations contributing most to carbon dioxide emissions
4.1
An initial typology of action for design activism
4.2
Frequency of design activism causes
4.3
A checklist for characterizing design activism
4.4
Parameters for interrogating the effectiveness, or reaching the goals/aims, of the design activism
4.5
Fallman’s typical characteristics showing the differences of tradition and perspective between design practice, studies and explorations
4.6
The orientations and guidelines for the Sustainable Everyday project
5.1
Expressions of activism in a diverse ‘slow movement’
6.1
Selecting the right kind of co-design event
6.2
Planning for a co-design event
7.1
The Happy Planet Index by the New Economics Foundation
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