Notes

Chapter 1

1. Bonine (2003).

2. Library of Congress—Federal Research Division Country Profile: Iran, May 2008.

3. COI Service (2013).

4. http://www.ezilon.com/maps

5. COI Service (2013).

6. United Nations’ Post Report for The Islamic Republic of Iran, Second ­Edition, December 2004—Update June 2008. http://www.un.org.ir/

7. Library of Congress—Federal Research Division Country Profile: Iran, May 2008.

8. http://www.who.int/en/

9. Bonine (2003).

10. Mostaghim and Sandels (2014).

11. Library of Congress—Federal Research Division. Country Profile: Iran, May 2008.

12. Bureau of Operation and Maintenance of Dams and Irrigation Networks (1995).

13. Deputy Ministry for Infrastructure Affairs (1991).

14. Bonine (2003); Beazley and Harverson (1982).

15. Cia.gov (2014).

16. Abbasi-Shavazi, McDonald, and Hosseini-Chavoshi (2009).

17. Abbasi-Shavazi and McDonald (2006).

18. Abbasi-Shavazi and McDonald (2006).

19. Abbasi-Shavazi, McDonald, and Hosseini-Chavoshi (2009).

20. Crane and Lal (2008).

21. Abbasi-Shavazi, Hosseini-Chavoshi, and McDonald (2007).

22. Abbasi-Shavazi, Hosseini-Chavoshi, and McDonald (2007); Farzanegan and Fereidouni (2014).

23. Farzanegan and Fereidouni (2014); BBC (2013).

24. Crane and Lal (2008).

25. OCHA (2003).

26. U.S. Census Bureau (2007).

27. Crane and Lal (2008).

28. Fingar (2009).

29. Bonine (2003).

30. Bonine (2003).

31. Kazemi and Wolfe (1997).

32. Post Report for the Islamic Republic of Iran, Second Edition, December 2004—Update June 2008.

33. Bonine (2003).

34. Post Report for the Islamic Republic of Iran, Second Edition, December 2004—Update June 2008.

35. Post Report for the Islamic Republic of Iran, Second Edition, December 2004—Update June 2008.

36. Kian-Thiebaut (2005).

37. Bonine (2003).

38. Post Report for the Islamic Republic of Iran, Second Edition, December 2004—Update June 2008.

39. Post Report for the Islamic Republic of Iran, Second Edition, December 2004—Update June 2008.

40. Bonine (2003).

41. Bonine (2003); Madanipour (1998).

42. Bonine (2003).

43. Post Report for the Islamic Republic of Iran, Second Edition, December 2004—Update June 2008.

44. Post Report for the Islamic Republic of Iran, Second Edition, December 2004—Update June 2008.

45. Zebardast (2006).

46. Statistical Center of Iran (2013).

47. Statistical Center of Iran (2013).

48. Douglass and Hays (2008).

49. Hassan (2007).

50. Richard (1991).

51. Kian-Thiebaut (2005).

52. Keddie (2003)

53. Bar (2004a).

54. Hassan (2007).

55. Dahlman (2002).

56. Bonine (2003); Richard (1991).

57. Hassan (2007).

58. United Kingdom: Home Office (2002).

59. United Kingdom: Home Office (2002).

60. United Kingdom: Home Office (2002).

61. BBC Monitoring Middle East (2006).

62. United Kingdom: Home Office (2002).

63. Crane and Lal (2008).

64. Crane and Lal (2008).

65. Higgins (1986).

66. Hassan (2007).

67. Bonine (2003); Hourcade et al. (1998).

68. U.S. Department of State (2007).

69. “Iranian Religious Groups” (2009).

70. Hassan (2007).

71. Hassan (2007); Blanchard (2010).

72. Blanchard (2010).

73. Blanchard (2010).

74. Keddie and Hooglund (1986).

Chapter 2

1. Daniel (2001).

2. Ladjevardian (1999).

3. Ladjevardian (1999).

4. Ladjevardian (1999

5. Ladjevardian (1999).

6. Abrahamian (2008).

7. Connell and McQuaid (2008).

8. Amanat (1997).

9. Latorre (2009).

10. Connell and McQuaid (2008).

11. Ghani (2001).

12. Connell and McQuaid (2008).

13. Abrahamian (2008).

14. Ladjevardian (1999).

15. Bayat (1998).

16. Connell and McQuaid (2008).

17. Bayat (1998).

18. Bayat (1998).

19. Connell and McQuaid (2008).

20. Skocpol (1982).

21. Skocpol (1982).

22. Keddie (2003).

23. Keddie (2003).

24. Douglass and Hays (2008).

25. Bayat (1998).

26. Skocpol (1982).

27. Ilias (2010).

28. Katzman (2010).

29. Douglass and Hays (2008).

30. Katzman (2010).

31. Connell and McQuaid (2008).

32. Keddie (2003).

33. Hoveyda (2003).

34. Keddie (2003).

35. Bar (2004a).

36. Bar (2004a).

Chapter 3

1. Malik (2013).

2. “Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Review: The Islamic Republic of Iran” (2005).

3. “Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Review: The Islamic Republic of Iran” (2005).

4. Malik (2013).

5. Malik (2013).

6. Malik (2013).

7. Malik (2013).

8. Malik (2013).

9. Inglehart (1997).

10. Tashakkori and Thompson (1988).

11. Ahmad ([1962] 1982).

12. Huntington (1996).

13. Khosrokhavar (2004).

14. Khosrokhavar (2004).

15. Khosrokhavar (2004).

16. Khosrokhavar (2004); Bakhtiari (1981).

17. Bakhtiari (1981).

18. Tashakkori and Thompson (1988); Bakhtiari (1981).

19. Juneau (2009).

20. Keddie (1993).

21. Moghadam (1988).

22. Moghadam (1988).

23. Kian-Thiébaut (1998).

24. Mernissi (1987).

25. Mehran (2003).

26. Mehran (2003); Baram‐Tsabari et al. (2009).

27. Inglehart (1997); Yeganeh and May (2011).

28. Bahramitash and Kazemipour (2006).

29. Welzel, Inglehart, and Kligemann (2003).

30. Harrison (2006).

31. Mehran (2003).

32. Khosrokhavar (2004).

33. Abrahamian (1982).

34. Khosrokhavar (2004).

35. Khosrokhavar (2004).

36. Khosrokhavar (2004).

37. Fathi (1991); Metz (1989).

38. Torabi and Baschieri (2010).

39. Sadeghi (2008).

40. Moghadam (2003).

41. Sadeghi (2008).

42. Price (2005).

43. Naraghi (1992); Menashri (1992).

44. “Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Review: The Islamic Republic of Iran” (2005).

45. “Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Review: The Islamic Republic of Iran” (2005).

46. Harrison (2007).

47. The Economist (2014).

48. Juneau (2009).

49. Sadeghi (2008).

Chapter 4

1. Encyclopædia Iranica (2012).

2. Encyclopædia Iranica (2012).

3. Semati (2008).

4. Chehabi (1990).

5. Algar (1981)

6. Khosrokhavar (2004).

7. Skocpol (1982); Khosrokhavar (2004).

8. Khosrokhavar (2004).

9. Keddie (1998).

10. Gürbüz (2011); Bayat (1987); Kurzman (2004).

11. Gürbüz (2011).

12. Skocpol (1982).

13. Richard (1995).

14. Gürbüz (2011); Bayat (1987); Khosrokhavar (2004)

15. Kissinger (2014).

16. Bayat (1998).

17. Gürbüz (2011).

18. Abrahamian (2008).

19. Abrahamian (2008).

20. Amjad (1989).

21. Skocpol (1982).

22. Abrahamian (2008).

23. Zabih (1982); Ale-Ahmad (1984).

24. Amjad (1989).

25. Bayat (1998).

26. Bayat (1998).

27. Amuzegar (1991); Huntington (1996).

28. Skocpol (1982).

29. Skocpol (1982).

30. Skocpol (1982).

31. Keddie (1998).

32. Arjomand (1986).

33. Skocpol (1982).

34. Salehi (1988).

35. Bayat (1998).

36. Bayat (1998).

37. Bayat (1998).

38. Skocpol (1982).

39. Hunter (1992).

40. Kazemi (1980); Hooglund (1980).

41. Hunter (1992).

42. Najmabadi (1987).

43. Hunter (1992).

44. Najmabadi (1987).

45. Keddie (1966).

46. International Socialist Review, The Quarterly Journal of the International Socialist Organization, No. 57–62.

47. Bashiriyeh (1982).

48. Amineh and Eisenstadt (2007).

49. Jambet (1992); Khatami (2003).

50. Stauth (1994).

51. Foucault (1994); Foucault (1988).

52. Stevens (2014).

53. Amuzegar (1991).

54. Smith (1986).

Chapter 5

1. Keddie (1998).

2. Blanchard (2005).

3. Connell and McQuaid (2008).

4. Connell and McQuaid (2008).

5. Hunter (2015).

6. Blanchard (2005).

7. Munir (2003).

8. Munir (2003).

9. Husain (1995).

10. Munir (2003).

11. Blanchard (2005).

12. Ze’evi (2007).

13. Blanchard (2005).

14. Blanchard (2005).

15. “The Sunni-Shia Divide” (2015).

16. Hunter (2015).

17. Ze’evi (2007).

18. “The Sunni-Shia Divide” (2015).

19. Hunter (2015).

20. Ze’evi (2007).

21. Ze’evi (2007).

22. Terhalle (2007).

23. Ende, Steinbach, and Laut (2005).

24. Blanchard (2005).

25. Khosrokhavar (2004).

26. Khosrokhavar (2004).

27. Moghadam (2003).

28. Moghadam (2003).

29. Blanchard (2005).

30. “What is Ashura?” (2011).

31. “The Origins of the Shiite-Sunni Split” (2007).

32. Khalaji (2008).

33. Moghadam (2003).

34. Khalaji (2008).

35. Connell and McQuaid (2008).

36. Beehner (2006).

37. Schirazi (1997); Connell and McQuaid (2008).

38. Sreberny-Mohammadi (1990).

39. Khalaji (2011); Akhavi (1980).

40. Blanchard (2005).

41. Khalaji (2011)

42. Blanchard (2005).

43. Blanchard (2005).

Chapter 6

1. Connell and McQuaid (2008).

2. Bradley (2007).

3. Roy (1999); Zubaida (1988).

4. Voll and Esposito (1994).

5. Chehabi (2001).

6. Thaler (2010).

7. Hoveyda (2003).

8. Bar (2004b).

9. Thaler (2010).

10. Benab (2008).

11. Benab (2008).

12. Alexander and Hoenig (2008).

13. Ehteshami and Zweiri (2007).

14. Ramazani (1980).

15. Jones (2009).

16. Jones (2009).

17. Thaler (2010).

18. Keddie (2006).

19. Thaler (2010).

20. Roy (1999).

21. Alamdari (2005).

22. Moslem (2002); Rakel (2008).

23. Rakel (2008).

24. Hen-Tov (2007).

25. Moslem (2002).

26. Moslem (2002).

27. De Boer (2010).

28. Seifzadeh (2003).

29. Buchta (2000).

30. Buchta (2000).

31. Hoveyda (2003).

32. Zubaida (1988).

33. Kurzman (2004).

34. Gheissari and Nasr (2006).

35. Katzman (2010).

36. Thaler (2010).

37. Jones (2009).

38. Kurzman (2004).

39. Kurzman (2004).

40. Lowe and Spencer (2006).

41. Maleki (2008).

42. Thaler (2010).

Chapter 7

1. Bonine (2003).

2. Takeyh (2009).

3. Walt (1991).

4. Walt (1991).

5. Saghafi-Ameri (2012).

6. Ehteshami (2002).

7. Katzman (2010).

8. Maleki (2002).

9. Maleki (2002).

10. Walt (1991).

11. Canadian Security Intelligence Service (2009).

12. Ahmed (2008).

13. Canadian Security Intelligence Service (2009).

14. Ahmed (2008).

15. Melman and Javedanfar (2007).

16. Katzman (2010).

17. Canadian Security Intelligence Service (2009).

18. Bonine (2003); Melman and Javedanfar (2007).

19. Latorre (2009).

20. Redaelli (2009).

21. Katzman (2010).

22. Katzman (2010).

23. Fürtig (2009).

24. Cooper and Sanger (2007).

25. Katzman (2010).

26. Sadjadpour (2011).

27. Sadjadpour (2011).

28. Katzman (2010).

29. Katzman (2010).

30. Katzman (2010).

31. Canadian Security Intelligence Service (2009).

32. http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/business/

33. Katzman (2010).

34. Razvi (1971).

35. Razvi (1971).

36. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

37. Bonine (2003); Latorre (2009).

38. Kemp (1994).

39. Katzman (2010).

40. Bonine (2003).

41. Bonine (2003).

42. Bonine (2003).

43. Hinnebusch (2009).

44. Hinnebusch (2009).

45. Habibi (2012).

46. Habibi (2012).

47. Habibi (2012).

48. Habibi (2012).

49. Habibi (2012).

50. Latorre (2009).

51. Henry (2001).

52. Sariolghalam (2003).

53. Jones (2009); Katzman (2010).

54. Bill (2006).

55. Bill (2006); Sariolghalam (2003).

56. Ahmed (2008).

57. Cooper and Sanger (2007).

58. Shoup and Minter (1977).

59. State of the Union Address (1980).

60. Ahmed (2008).

61. Sariolghalam (2003).

62. Katzman (2010).

63. Bill (2006).

64. Inglehart and Abramson (1999).

65. Shayegan (2003); Huntington (1996); Keddie (2003).

66. Shayegan (2003); Huntington (1996).

67. Iranian Studies Group at MIT (2011).

68. Kull (2007).

69. Kull (2007).

70. Kull (2007).

71. Posch (2009).

72. Posch (2009).

73. Izadi (2009).

74. “EU Imposes New Sanctions on Iran” (2012).

75. Latorre (2009).

76. Nanda (2008).

77. Berlin (2004); Fair (2007).

78. Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center (2009).

79. Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center (2009).

80. Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center (2009).

81. Bonine (2003); Tarock (1999); Latorre (2009).

82. Latorre (2009).

83. Bonine (2003).

Chapter 8

1. Jbili, Kramarenko, and Bailen (2007).

2. Nomani and Behdad (2006).

3. Ilias (2010).

4. Katzman (2003)

5. Nomani and Behdad (2006).

6. Howell (1998); Behdad (2000).

7. Ilias (2008).

8. Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook.

9. Economic Intelligence Unit, 2013 (derived from World Bank, World Development Indicators).

10. Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook.

11. IMF (2007).

12. Sachs (2005).

13. Jbili, Kramarenko, and Bailén (2007).

14. Bozorgmehr and Khalaf (2008).

15. Crane and Lal (2008).

16. Gordon et al. (2009).

17. EIU (2007).

18. Tehran Times, Monday, April 21, 2014.

19. UNCTAD (2005).

20. Tehran Times, Monday, April 21, 2014.

21. IMF (2007).

22. Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook.

23. EIU (2007).

24. EIA (2007).

25. Global Insight (2008).

26. Sachs and Warner (2001).

27. Mehlum, Moene, and Torvik (2006).

28. Bjorvatn and Selvik (2008).

29. Bina (1989).

30. Yates (1996); Mahdavy (1970).

31. Karl (1997).

32. Ilias (2010).

33. EIU (2007).

34. “Iran Calls for Foreign Investments in Petrochemical Projects.” (2008).

35. EIU (2007).

36. Ilias (2010).

37. Ilias (2010).

38. Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook.

39. EIU (2007).

40. Blas (2008).

41. Ilias (2010).

42. Ilias (2010).

43. IMF (2007).

44. IMF (2007).

45. Ilias (2010)

46. Global Insight (2008).

47. Sadjadpour (2011).

48. Sadjadpour (2011).

49. Ilias (2010).

50. United Arab Emirates (2012).

51. “The Constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran.” (2015).

52. Khajehpour (2000).

53. UNCTAD (2005)

54. Index of Economic Freedom, see http://www.heritage.org/index/

55. Crane and Lal (2008).

56. Alizadeh (2003).

57. Thaler (2010).

58. Ilias (2010).

59. Bahaee and Pisani (2009); Thaler (2010).

60. Ilias (2010).

61. Thaler (2010).

62. Katzman (1993).

63. Alfoneh (2007).

64. Ilias (2010).

65. Yar-Shater (1990).

66. Algar (1969).

67. Parsa (1989).

68. Crane and Lal (2008).

69. Katzman (1993).

70. Ilias (2010).

71. Ilias (2010).

72. Gordon et al. (2009).

73. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

74. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

Chapter 9

1. Energy Information Administration (2012).

2. Ministry of Energy of Iran, http://news.moe.gov.ir/News/International.aspx

3. National Iranian Tanker Company, http://www.nitc.co.ir/iran-daily/1387/3267/html/economy.htm

4. News.tavanir.org.ir (2012).

5. EIA (2007).

6. EIU (2007).

7. Zawya.com (2010).

8. “Invest in Iran’s Renewable Energy? Not So Crazy (2012).

9. Suna.org.ir (2012).

10. Domestic Economy (2012).

11. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

12. The Iranian Institute for Research and Planning in Higher Education (2012).

13. Energy Information Administration (2012).

14. Energy Information Administration (2012).

15. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

16. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

17. Energy Information Administration (2012).

18. Cia.gov (2012).

19. Birol (2010).

20. Iran Sees Boom in Cross-Border Fuel and Goods Smuggling (2013).

21. Financial Times, http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/0bf026ec-c14b-11e2-9767-00144feab7de.html?siteedition=intl#axzz3Lg9wGeit (accessed 19 October 2014).

22. Yazdan, Behzad, and Shiva (2012).

23. Energy Information Administration (2012).

24. Energy Information Administration (2012).

25. Khajehpour (2013b).

26. Ilias (2010).

27. Energy Information Administration (2012).

28. Energy Information Administration (2012).

29. Khajehpour (2013b).

30. Energy Information Administration (2012).

31. Birol (2010).

32. Windrem (2007).

33. Energy Information Administration (2012).

34. Crane and Lal (2008).

35. Motevalli (2014).

36. Energy Information Administration (2012).

37. Energy Information Administration (2012).

38. Energy Information Administration (2012).

39. Energy Information Administration (2012).

40. Energy Information Administration (2012).

41. Natural Gas Exports from Iran (2012).

42. Natural Gas Exports from Iran (2012).

43. Kinnander (2010).

44. Energy Information Administration (2012).

45. Natural Gas Exports from Iran (2012).

46. Energy Information Administration (2012).

47. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

48. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

49. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

50. “Iran Gas Pipeline: Saudi Offer” (2010).

51. Hussain (2013).

52. “Turkey Seeks to Build Iran Pipeline Amid Uncertain Environment” (2014).

53. Birol (2010).

54. Birol (2010).

55. Recknagel (2014).

56. Recknagel (2014).

Chapter 10

1. UNCTAD (2005).

2. Clawson (2013).

3. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

4. Clawson (2013).

5. The Trade Promotion Organization of Iran (2014).

6. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

7. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

8. Rezaian (2013).

9. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

10. “SAPCO: Iran Automotive Industry’s Market Shares” (2001).

11. Iran Autos Report Q4 (2008).

12. Iran Autos Report Q1 (2013).

13. Abedini and Péridy (2009).

14. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

15. U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries (2014).

16. Iran Exports Cement to 40 Countries (2010).

17. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

18. “Business in Iran: Awaiting the Gold Rush” (2014).

19. Domestic Economy (2011); http://www.tehrantimes.com/economy-and-business/97519-technical-engineering-exports-surpass-20-billion-over-a-decade

20. http://www.tehrantimes.com/economy-and-business/97519-technical-engineering-exports-surpass-20-billion-over-a-decade

21. “Iran Ranks First in Mideast in Steel Production” (2014).

22. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

23. Trend News Agency (2014).

24. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

25. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

26. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

27. Trend News Agency (2014).

28. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

29. Financial Times, http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/0bf026ec-c14b-11e2- 9767-00144feab7de.html?siteedition=intl#axzz3Lg9wGeit (accessed 19 October 2014).

30. “Telecoms and Technology Forecast for Iran” (2008.)

31. “Iran Exports 400 Million Dollars of Software Products” (2014).

32. “Telecoms and Technology Forecast for Iran” (2008).

33. Zawya Business Iintelligence Report (2012).

34. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

35. Cia.gov (2012).

36. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

37. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

38. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

39. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

40. Koshteh and Urutyan (2005).

41. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

42. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

43. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

44. “Country profile – Iran” (2008).

45. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

46. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

47. “Country profile – Iran” (2008).

48. USGS (2003).

49. Mining & Development (2010).

50. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

51. “Iran’s Mineral Exports up 39 Percent” (2011).

52. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

53. Domestic Economy (2008).

54. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

55. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

56. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

57. “Iran Travel and Tourism Forecast” (2008).

58. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

59. Presstv.com (2010).

60. http://www.bank-maskan.ir

61. Domestic Economy (2006).

62. Valentine, Nash, and Rice (2013).

63. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

64. UNCTAD (2005).

65. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

66. ECO Trade and Development Bank (2013).

67. UNCTAD (2005).

68. UNCTAD (2005).

69. UNCTAD (2005).

Chapter 11

1. IMF (2008b).

2. Ilias (2010).

3. Shoamanesh (2009).

4. Khajehpour (2013a).

5. Shoamanesh (2009).

6. Barden (2013).

7. Clark (2014).

8. “France Sees Iran Opportunity If Sanctions Are Lifted—oscovici” (2014).

9. The World Bank (2011).

10. The World Bank (2011).

11. Khajehpour (2013a).

12. Hanouz, Geiger, and Doherty (2014).

13. The Heritage Foundation Trade Freedom Report (2013).

14. Heritage Foundation (2014).

15. Alipour (2013).

16. Garro´n, Machicado, and Capra (2003); Alipour (2013).

17. Alipour (2013).

18. Imanirad (2003).

19. PressTV (2011).

20. “Bank Melli Iran, the Largest Islamic Bank” (2009).

21. Curtis and Hooglund (2008).

22. Turquoise Partners Report (2011).

23. Jahan-Parvar, Mohammadi, and Moshrefi (2011).

24. “Business in Iran: Awaiting the Gold Rush” (2014).

25. “Business in Iran: Awaiting the Gold Rush” (2014).

26. “What Is Behind Success of Tehran Stock Exchange?” (2013).

27. “What Is Behind Success of Tehran Stock Exchange?” (2013).

28. “In Iran, Stocks Are a Haven as Economy Hits the Skids” (2012).

29. Domestic Economy (2007).

30. Domestic Economy (2008).

31. Transparency International (2010).

32. Gwartney, Lawson, and Norton (2008).

33. IMF (2007).

34. IMF (2007).

35. Euromonitor International (2009).

36. Euromonitor International (2009).

37. Euromonitor International (2009).

38. Yeganeh and Su (2007).

39. Yeganeh and Su (2008).

40. Euromonitor International (2009).

41. Mehran (2003); Yeganeh and Su (2008).

42. Ghorbani and Tung (2007).

43. World Bank Group (2012).

44. Human Development Reports (2005).

45. Yeganeh and Su (2008).

46. Euromonitor International (2009).

47. Yeganeh and Su (2008).

48. Euromonitor International (2009).

49. Yeganeh and Su (2008).

50. Euromonitor International (2009).

51. Yeganeh and Su (2008).

52. Yeganeh and Su (2008).

53. Yeganeh and Su (2008).

54. Yeganeh and Su (2008).

55. Yeganeh and Su (2008); Dastmalchian, Javidan, and Alam (2001); House et al. (2004).

56. Yeganeh and Su (2008).

57. Yeganeh and Su (2008).

58. Dastmalchian, Javidan, and Alam (2001).

59. Yeganeh and Su (2008).

Chapter 12

1. Richards (1996).

2. Vazifedoost et al. (2013).

3. Han, Nunes, and Drèze (2010).

4. Yeganeh, Marcotte, and Bourdeau (2010); Kang and Park-Poaps (2010).

5. Behravan, Jamalzadeh, and Masoudi (2012).

6. IMF (2008a).

7. Statistical Center of Iran (2013).

8. Statistical Center of Iran (2013).

9. Euromonitor International (2009).

10. Euromonitor International (2009).

11. Euromonitor International (2009).

12. Barraclough (2001).

13. Richards (1996).

14. Euromonitor International (2009).

15. Euromonitor International (2009).

16. Atefi, Minooei, and Dargahi (2010).

17. Gholipour and Farzanegan (2015).

18. Zebardast (2006).

19. Thompson Reuters (2013).

20. Heslot (2014).

21. UNCTAD (2005).

22. Behravan, Jamalzadeh, and Masoudi (2012).

23. Thompson Reuters (2013).

24. Desebrock (2005).

25. “Iran’s Healthcare Market on the Rise - Frost & Sullivan” (2013).

26. Euromonitor International (2009).

27. “Iran’s Healthcare Market on the Rise - Frost & Sullivan” (2013).

28. “Iranian Ecommerce Thrives Despite Obstacles” (2014).

29. MVF Global Customer Acquisition (2014).

30. “Iranian Ecommerce Thrives Despite Obstacles” (2014).

31. MVF Global Customer Acquisition (2014).

Chapter 13

1. Lewis (2014).

2. Takeyh (2006).

3. Inglehart (2000).

4. Kasravi (1963).

5. Kasravi (1963).

6. Takeyh (2006).

7. Bar (2004b).

8. Bar (2004b).

9. Inglehart and Welzel (2005); Inglehart (1997).

10. Price (2005).

11. Torabi and Baschieri (2010).

12. Mernissi (1987).

13. Hofstede (2001); Toennies ([1887] 1963).

14. Triandis (1989).

15. Inglehart and Welzel (2005).

16. Chapin Metz (1989).

17. Chapin Metz (1989).

18. Chapin Metz (1989).

19. Daniel (2001).

20. Daniel (2001); Hofstede (2001); Yeganeh and Su (2007).

21. Abrahamian (1982).

22. Metz (1989).

23. Hoveyda (2003).

24. Pahlavi (1978).

25. Daniel (2001).

26. Hoveyda (2003).

27. Richard (1991).

28. Katouzian (2004).

29. Katouzian (2004).

30. Inglehart et al. (2004).

31. Inglehart (1997); Inglehart et al. (2004).

32. Inglehart (1997).

33. Fallaci (1976).

34. “Business in Iran: Awaiting the Gold Rush” (2014).

35. Stevens (2014).

36. Stevens (2014).

37. Inglehart (1997).

38. Stanley (2006).

39. Bar (2004b).

40. Bar (2004a).

41. Richard (1991).

42. Pattberg (2009).

43. BBC (2014).

44. Kasravi (1963).

45. Baldick (1990).

46. Bar (2004a).

Chapter 14

1. Carnevale and Pruitt (1992).

2. Hall (1960).

3. Hall (1960).

4. Hall (1976).

5. Hall (1960, 1976).

6. Abrahamian (1982).

7. Bar (2004a).

8. Beeman (1986).

9. Bar (2004a).

10. Hall (1976).

11. Hall (1976).

12. Hall (1960).

13. Bar (2004a).

14. Bar (2004a).

15. Javadi (2007).

16. Dastmalchian, Javidan, and Alam (2001).

17. Beeman (1986).

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