All the environments, that is, development, test, staging, and production, should be similar. They should use the same processes and tools. With continuous deployment, they should have frequently had similar code. This makes finding and fixing problems easier.
Achieving environmental parity – all environments are the same
by Ranga Rao Karanam
Mastering Spring 5
- Title Page
- Copyright and Credits
- About Packt
- Contributors
- Preface
- Section 1: Getting Started with Spring and Spring Boot
- Spring Landscape - Framework, Modules, and Projects
- Exploring Spring and its evolution
- Learning about Spring Modules
- Beginning with Spring Projects
- New features in Spring Framework 5.0 and 5.1
- Learning about new features in Spring Boot 2.0 and 2.1 
- Summary
- Further reading
- Dependency Injection and Unit Testing
- Technical requirements
- Understanding a dependency
- What is DI?
- What does the Spring Framework do?
- Understanding the Spring Framework in depth
- Exploring CDI
- Unit testing the Spring application context
- Summary
- Further reading
- Building Web Applications with Spring MVC
- Technical requirements
- Understanding the architectures of Java servlet web applications
- Learning Spring MVC with six basic flow examples
- Setting up a Spring MVC application
- Flow 1 – simple controller flow without View
- Flow 2 – creating a simple controller flow with a View – JSP
- Flow 3 – controller redirecting to a View with a model
- Flow 4 – controller redirecting to a View with ModelAndView
- Flow 5 – controller redirecting to a View with a form
- Flow 6 – adding validation to the previous flow
- An overview of Spring MVC
- Important concepts behind Spring MVC
- A quick look at Spring MVC advanced features
- Unit testing Spring MVC applications – basic flows
- Flow 1 – simple controller flow without View
- Flow 2 – simple controller flow with a View
- Flow 3 – controller redirecting to a View with Model
- Flow 4 – controller redirecting to a View with ModelAndView
- Flow 5 – controller redirecting to a View with a form
- Flow 6 – adding validation to the previous flow
- Writing integration tests for Spring MVC controllers
- Spring Security
- Summary
- Further reading
- Getting Started with Spring Boot
- Technical requirements
- What is Spring Boot?
- Building a Hello World application with Spring Boot
- Getting started with SPRING INITIALIZR
- A quick peek into AutoConfiguration
- Externalizing application configuration
- Understanding embedded servers
- Using developer tools to improve productivity
- Using Spring Boot Actuator for application monitoring
- Summary
- Digging Deeper into the Spring Framework
- Section 2: Building a REST API and Full Stack Applications with Spring
- Building REST APIs with Spring Boot
- Understanding REST
- Designing your first REST API
- Creating a Hello World API with Spring Boot
- Creating a todo REST API
- Implementing exception handling for REST APIs
- Exploring HATEOAS
- Implementing validation for REST APIs
- Documenting REST services using the OpenAPI Specification
- Implementing internationalization for REST APIs
- Implementing caching for REST APIs
- Deploying Spring Boot applications to the cloud
- Summary
- Unit Testing REST API with Spring Boot
- Technical requirements
- Unit testing REST API with Spring Boot
- Adding dependency on Spring Boot Starter Test
- Unit tests for the BasicController API
- Unit tests for the TodoController API
- Setting up unit tests for the TodoController API
- Writing a unit test to retrieve all todos – the GET method
- Writing a unit test for retrieving a specific todo – the GET method
- Writing a unit test for creating a todo – the POST method
- Writing a unit test for creating a todo with validation errors
- Writing a unit test for updating a todo – the PUT method
- Writing a unit test for deleting a todo – the DELETE method
- Integration testing REST API with Spring Boot
- Writing integration tests for BasicController
- Integration tests for the TodoController API
- Todo API integration testing setup
- Writing an integration test to retrieve all todos – the GET method
- Writing an integration test for creating a todo – the POST method
- Writing an integration test for updating a todo – the PUT method
- Writing an integration test for deleting a todo – the DELETE method
- Unit and integration testing best practices
- Summary
- Further reading
- Securing REST API with Spring Security
- Technical requirements
- Security REST API with Spring Security
- Understanding Spring Security
- Reviewing the log
- Understanding Spring Security filters
- Understanding authentication in Spring Security
- Understanding authentication extension points in Spring Security
- Understanding authorization in Spring Security
- Understanding authentication extension points in Spring Security
- Providing secured annotations on service methods
- Providing JSR-250 annotations on service methods
- Using Spring Security pre and post annotations
- Implementing security best practices with Spring Security
- Exploring OAuth2 authentication
- Authentication with JWT
- Summary
- Further reading
- Full Stack App with React and Spring Boot
- Technical requirements
- Understanding full stack architecture
- Introducing React
- Building your first React application
- Summary
- Further reading
- Managing Data with Spring Data
- Technical requirements
- Challenges with a variety of data stores
- Communicating with relational databases
- Introducing Spring Data
- Connecting to relational databases using Spring Data JPA
- Understanding Spring Data JPA with an example
- Create a new project with a starter data JPA
- Defining entities
- Creating the SpringBootApplication class
- Populating some data
- Creating a simple repository
- Create a repository extending the CrudRepository interface
- Creating a repository extending the PagingAndSortingRepository interface
- Writing custom query methods
- Writing custom JPQL queries
- Getting started with transaction management
- Understanding Spring Data JPA with an example
- Interacting with MongoDB using Spring Data
- Using Spring Data REST to create REST APIs
- Summary
- Section 3: Cloud, Microservices, and Best Practices with Spring
- Getting Started with Microservices
- Understanding the goals of application development
- Developing applications quickly – speed
- Building dependable applications – safety
- Reliability – does the application behave as expected?
- Availability – is your application available all the time?
- Security – is your application secure?
- Performance – is your application quick enough?
- High resilience – does your application react well to failures?
- Scalability – what is needed to support a drastic increase in application load?
- Challenges with monolithic applications
- Getting started with microservices
- What is a microservice?
- Understanding the big idea of microservice architecture
- Understanding microservice characteristics
- Small and lightweight microservices
- Interoperability with message-based communication
- Capability-aligned microservices
- Independently deployable microservices
- Stateless microservices
- Completely automated build and release process
- Adherence to event-driven architectures
- Independent teams developing and supporting microservices – DevOps
- Understanding the advantages of microservice architectures
- Exploring microservice challenges
- Understanding cloud-native applications
- What is the Twelve-Factor App?
- Maintain one code base
- Explicit declaration of dependencies
- Application configuration stored in an environment
- All dependencies are treated as backing services
- Clear separation between build, release, and run phases
- Applications do not store states – stateless
- All the services are exposed with port binding
- Possibility to scale horizontally – concurrency
- Each application instance is disposable
- Achieving environmental parity – all environments are the same
- Treating all logs as event streams
- No distinction for admin processes
- What is the Twelve-Factor App?
- Exploring Spring projects for microservices
- Summary
- Further reading
- Understanding the goals of application development
- Building Microservices with Spring Boot and Spring Cloud
- Technical requirements
- Understanding the microservices we will build
- Using recommended versions for Spring Boot and Spring Cloud
- Exploring centralized microservice configuration
- Problem statement
- Solution
- Options
- Spring Cloud Config
- Implementing Spring Cloud Config Server
- Setting up Spring Cloud Config Server
- Creating a service in Microservice A to return a message from the application configuration
- Connecting Spring Cloud Config Server to a local Git repository
- Creating a development environment-specific configuration for Microservice A
- Enhancing Microservice A to make it a Spring Cloud Config Client
- Implementing Spring Cloud Config Server
- Getting an overview of event-driven approaches
- Getting started with Spring Cloud Bus
- Declarative REST client – Feign
- Implementing load balancing for microservices
- Understanding the need for a naming server
- The working of a naming server
- Understanding API gateways
- Understanding distributed tracing
- Implementing fault tolerance with Hystrix
- Summary
- Further reading
- Reactive Programming
- Technical requirements
- The reactive manifesto
- Reactive use case – a stock price page
- Implementing reactive programming in Java
- Understanding Reactive Streams
- Exploring the Reactor framework
- Creating Reactive web applications with Spring Web Reactive
- Integrating with reactive databases
- Integrating the Spring Boot Reactive MongoDB starter
- Creating a model object – a stock document
- Creating ReactiveCrudRepository
- Initializing stock data using CommandLineRunner
- Creating reactive methods in the REST controller
- Updating the view to subscribe to the event stream
- Launching SpringReactiveExampleApplication
- Summary
- Spring Best Practices
- Adhering to Maven's standard directory layout
- Building applications using a layered architecture
- Having separate context files for different layers
- Separating api and impl for important layers
- Understanding exception handling best practices
- Keeping your Spring configuration light
- Using the basePackageClasses attribute in ComponentScan
- Not using version numbers in schema references
- Preferring constructor injection for mandatory dependencies
- Managing dependency versions for Spring projects
- Exploring unit testing best practices
- Exploring integration testing best practices
- Exploring caching best practices
- Understanding best practices for logging
- Summary
- Working with Kotlin in Spring
- Other Books You May Enjoy
Achieving environmental parity – all environments are the same
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