1. The following function is used to return randomly initialized weights:

# Weight Initialization
weight_variable <- function(shape) {
initial <- tf$truncated_normal(shape, stddev=0.1)
tf$Variable(initial)
}

2. The following function is used to return constant biases:

bias_variable <- function(shape) {
initial <- tf$constant(0.1, shape=shape)
tf$Variable(initial)
}