v
Contents
List of Figures .......................................................................................xv
List of Tables .......................................................................................xvii
Preface ..................................................................................................xix
About the Author .................................................................................xxi
Chapter 1 Creativity and Project Management ................................. 1
Introduction .................................................................................1
Benets of Creativity ................................................................... 1
Building Emotional Involvement .........................................2
Generating New Ideas ............................................................2
Increasing Teaming ................................................................2
Leading to Competitive Advantage .....................................3
Leveraging and Increasing Knowledge ...............................3
Opening Minds .......................................................................4
Stretching the Performance of People .................................4
Misperceptions about Creativity ...............................................5
Creativity Involves Some Degree of Mental Illness ...........5
Not Everyone Is Creative .......................................................5
Only Individuals, Not Groups, Are Creative ......................6
Creativity Is Restricted to Certain Fields ............................6
Only Certain Segments of the Population Are Creative ...7
Downsides of Creativity .............................................................7
Cause of Anxiety and Fear ....................................................8
Challenge Authority ...............................................................8
People May Leave ....................................................................9
Upset Team ..............................................................................9
Upsetting the Status Quo ......................................................9
Waste of Resources ...............................................................10
What Exactly Is Creativity? ......................................................10
What Is the Relationship between Creativity and Projects? .....12
Conclusion .................................................................................. 19
Endnotes .................................................................................... 20
vi • Contents
Chapter 2 Creative Thinking Abilities ............................................. 21
Introduction ...............................................................................21
A Word about Brain Hemispheres .......................................... 21
Creative inking Abilities ......................................................22
Cross-Domain inking .....................................................23
Having Fun ............................................................................23
Listening to Your Intuition .................................................24
Shiing Perspectives ............................................................25
Being an Iconoclast, Even Nihilistic ..................................26
Unlearning and Relearning .................................................27
Looking from the Outside In ..............................................27
Reverse inking ................................................................. 28
Conceptualizing ................................................................... 28
Embracing Ambiguity .........................................................29
Seeing Multiple Answers .................................................... 30
Dening the Problem ........................................................... 31
Being Observant ...................................................................31
Tinkering ...............................................................................32
Determining the Essence of Something ............................32
Being Self-Aware ...................................................................33
Competing and Collaborating ........................................... 34
Persevering ........................................................................... 34
Shiing inking .................................................................35
Suspending Judgment ..........................................................37
Communicating ....................................................................37
Tools for Project Managers ......................................................38
Birkman Model .....................................................................39
Hartman Color Code ...........................................................39
Myers-Briggs ........................................................................ 40
e Enneagram .....................................................................41
Multiple Intelligences .......................................................... 42
Models of Creative Individuals............................................... 44
Creative Roles ....................................................................... 44
Five Mental Skills of Creativity...........................................45
Conclusion .................................................................................. 47
Endnotes .................................................................................... 48
Contents • vii
Chapter 3 Groups and Creativity...................................................... 51
Introduction ...............................................................................51
Characteristics of Creative Groups .........................................51
Synergistic .............................................................................. 52
Have a Diverse Membership ...............................................52
Care Less about the Physical Environment ......................53
Avoid “Noncontributory” Activities ..................................53
Emotional and Logical ......................................................... 53
Collegial and Nonhierarchical ........................................... 54
Have Facilitative and Supportive Leadership .................. 54
Have Fun ................................................................................55
Allow the Individual and Group to Coexist .....................55
Unafraid to Push Boundaries ............................................ 56
ey Are Small in Size .........................................................57
Seek Balance among Creating, Planning, and
Implementing ........................................................................57
View Failure as a Learning Experience .............................58
Know the Priorities ..............................................................58
Share Tangible and Intangible Assets ................................58
Are Curious ...........................................................................59
Are True Believers ................................................................59
Have High Esprit de Corps .................................................59
Adapt ..................................................................................... 60
Team Tools ................................................................................ 60
Organizational Engineering............................................... 60
People Styles Typology ......................................................... 61
Six inking Hats .................................................................63
Conclusion ..................................................................................65
Endnotes .................................................................................... 66
Chapter 4 Challenges and Constraints ............................................69
Introduction ...............................................................................69
e List ........................................................................................ 69
Groupthink ............................................................................70
Mores, Beliefs, Values ...........................................................71
viii • Contents
Fear .........................................................................................71
Mismatch ...............................................................................73
Lack of Tools ..........................................................................73
Lack of Data and Information ............................................74
Too Much and Too Little Training .....................................74
Start and Stop Workow .....................................................75
Impatience .............................................................................75
Specialization ........................................................................76
Craving for Predictability .................................................... 76
Inability to Adapt ..................................................................77
Poor Communications ......................................................... 78
Poor Coordination ................................................................78
Leaping to Judgment ............................................................79
Faster, Better, Cheaper Philosophy .....................................79
Stretching Resources Too in .......................................... 80
Silos ........................................................................................ 80
Focusing on the Past or Future, Not the Present .............81
Lack of Sharing .....................................................................82
Compliant Workforce ..........................................................82
Hierarchy .............................................................................. 84
Not Listening to Inner Voice .............................................. 84
Taking on Only What Is Known ........................................85
Management’s Lack of Responsiveness ............................ 86
Success ................................................................................... 86
Too Many Positive and Negative Incentives .....................87
Team Composition Imbalance .......................................... 88
Dominance of Brain inking .......................................... 88
Inghting ...............................................................................89
Conclusion ................................................................................. 90
Endnotes .................................................................................... 96
Chapter 5 Laying the Groundwork for a Creative Environment ......... 99
Introduction .............................................................................. 99
Necessary Actions .................................................................... 99
Establish a Receptive Audience ....................................... 100
Make Training Available .................................................. 100
Grant Necessary Access to Data and Tools .....................101
Concentrate Creative Energy ............................................102
Contents • ix
Encourage a Certain Degree of Anxiety and Tension ...... 102
Establish Priorities .............................................................. 103
Encourage Diversity ...........................................................104
Build and Maintain Trust ..................................................105
Support People’s Growth ...................................................105
Encourage Ownership .......................................................106
Stress Communications .....................................................107
Emphasize Coordination ................................................... 107
Relax Rules and Procedures ..............................................108
Align Individual and Organizational Goals and
Objectives .............................................................................108
Allow for Risk Taking ........................................................109
Allow Time for Problem or Issue Denition ..................110
Provide Opportunities to Create ......................................111
Broaden People’s Knowledge and Experience ................111
Counter Groupthink ..........................................................112
Encourage Transformational Leadership ........................ 113
Conclusion ................................................................................114
Endnotes .................................................................................. 120
Chapter 6 Common Creativity Tools and Techniques .................. 121
Introduction .............................................................................121
Common Approaches and Techniques ............................... 122
Brainstorming .................................................................... 122
Role Playing ........................................................................ 123
Tree Diagram ..................................................................... 124
Delphi Technique ................................................................125
Fishbone Diagram ............................................................. 126
Brainwriting ........................................................................127
Anity Diagramming .......................................................127
Trend Chart ........................................................................ 128
Statistical Process Control Chart .....................................129
Osite ...................................................................................130
Force Field Analysis ............................................................131
Pareto Chart ........................................................................131
Benchmarking ..................................................................... 132
Nominal Group Technique ...............................................133
Modeling ............................................................................. 134
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