184 • Creative, Ecient, and Eective Project Management
CHALLENGES AND CONSTRAINTS
Most challenges and constraints in this process revolve around time and
money. Both time and money are insucient to put in place an ideal
infrastructure. For example, obtaining data and information to populate
a repository can entail considerable labor, eort, and expertise that some
stakeholders may deem unnecessary or overkill. Additionally, time
and money may be initially available, but as the project’s performance
degrades, which it oen does, resources and attention are taken away
from the organizing process to concentrate on bringing a project back
ontrack.
Some common creative challenges and constraints confronting this
process are shown in Table9.1.
TABLE9.1
Organizing Process and Challenges and Constraints
Challenge and Constraint Example
Hierarchy Having little autonomy in draing the content of
management plans
Lack of data and information Not being able to nd the necessary data and
information to populate a project repository
Lack of sharing Prevailing sense of suspicion existing among
stakeholders, thereby inhibiting a willingness to
share anything with anyone else on a project
Lack of tools Not having the ability to share data, information,
and tools due to a lack of common technology
standards
Poor communications Having certain shareholders who refuse to
participate in team meetings, especially if a
certain person or representation from another
organization is present
Poor coordination Having two or more stakeholders not
coordinating with each other when putting
together an organization chart for a project
Team composition imbalance Having too many people from a specic
discipline (e.g., engineering) dominating team
composition, thereby skewing decision making
Too much and too little training Oering training on a tool (e.g., project
management soware) that exceeds the level of
competence required to perform work