¹ See “The Best (& Worst) Managers of the Year,” Businessweek, January 22, 2014, pp. 50–72.

² Google, “Corporate Information,” April 11, 2013, at http://www.google.com; “The Secret to Google’s Success,” BusinessWeek, March 6, 2008, http://www.businessweek.com; “In Search of the Real Google,” Time, February 20, 2007, http://www.time.com; http://www.google.com/competition/howgooglesearchworks.html

³ Hamel, Gary, and Prahalad, C. K. “Competing for the Future,” Harvard Business Review, July–August 1994, pp. 122–128; see also Joseph M. Hall and M. Eric Johnson, “When Should a Process Be Art, Not Science?” Harvard Business Review, March 2009, pp. 58–65.

⁴ Waldroop, James, and Butler, Timothy. “The Executive as Coach,” Harvard Business Review, November–December 1996, pp. 111–117.

⁵ See Steven J. Armstrong and Anis Mahmud, “Experiential Learning and the Acquisition of Managerial Tacit Knowledge,” Academy of Management Learning & Education, 2008, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 189–208.

⁶ “The Executive MBA Your Way,” Businessweek, October 18, 1999, pp. 88–92.

⁷ “Despite Cutbacks, Firms Invest in Developing Leaders,” Wall Street Journal, February 9, 2009, p. B4.

⁸ “Turning B-School into E-School,” Businessweek, October 18, 1999, p. 94.

⁹ See “Reunion at P&G University,” Wall Street Journal, June 7, 2000, pp. B1, B4, for a discussion of Procter & Gamble’s training programs.

¹⁰ For an interesting discussion of these issues, see Rakesh Khurana, “The Curse of the Superstar CEO,” Harvard Business Review, September 2002, pp. 60–70.

¹¹ Raes, Anneloes, Heijltjes, Mrielle, Glunk, Ursula, and Row, Robert. “The Interface of the Top Management Team and Middle Managers: A Process Model,” Academy of Management Review, January 2011, pp. 102–126.

¹² Meyer, Stephen J. “Salman Khan: The World’s Best-Known Teacher Is Learning to Lead.” Forbes. N.p. December 3, 2014. Web. December 16, 2016.

¹³ Mintzberg, Henry. The Nature of Managerial Work (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: 1973).

¹⁴ See Robert L. Katz, “The Skills of an Effective Administrator,” Harvard Business Review, September–October 1974, pp. 90–102, for a classic discussion of several of these skills. For a recent perspective, see J. Brian Atwater, Vijay R. Kannan, and Alan A. Stephens, “Cultivating Systemic Thinking in the Next Generation of Business Leaders,” Academy of Management Learning & Education, 2008, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 9–25.

¹⁵ Musk, Elon. “Master Plan, Part Duex,” tesla.com (July 20, 2016). https://www.tesla.com/blog/master-plan-part-deux (Accessed March 2, 2017).

¹⁶ “From interview with Elon Musk, https://www.khanacademy.org/economics-finance-domain/entrepreneurship2/interviews-entrepreneurs/copy-of-khan-academy-living-room-chats/v/elon-musk (Accessed March 2, 2017)

¹⁷ “Business World Must Be ‘Watchful’,” USA Today, January 24, 2015, p. 5T.

¹⁸ Jones, Del. “Next Time,” USA Today (October 4, 2005), 1B, 2B.

¹⁹ “Marriage at 30,000 Feet,” Bloomberg Businessweek, February 6–February 12, 2012, pp. 36–40.

²⁰ Clifford, Stephanie. “J.C. Penney’s New Plan Is to Reuse Its Old Plans.” New York Times. N.p., 16 May 2013. Web. 17 June 2013.

²¹ Denning, Steve. “J.C. Penney: Was Ron Johnson’s Strategy Wrong?” Forbes, 09 Apr. 2013. Web. 17 June 2013.

²² “Saving JCPenney: New CEO Ullman Plans Coupons, Discounts.” CNBC.com. N.p., 10 Apr. 2013. Web. 17 June 2013.

²³ Bomey, Nathan. “J.C. Penney to close up to 140 stores, offer buyouts,” (2017). USA Today, http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2017/02/24/jc-penney-store-closures/98344540/ (Accessed March 6, 2017)