This chapter is about interoperability . We have to keep reminding ourselves that NumPy is not alone in the scientific (Python) software ecosystem. Working together with SciPy and Matplotlib is pretty easy. Protocols exist for interoperability with other Python packages. Outside of the Python ecosystem languages such as Java, R, C, and FORTRAN are pretty popular. We will go into the details of exchanging data with these environments.

Also, we will discuss how to get our NumPy code in the cloud. This is a continuously evolving technology, in a fast-moving space. Many options are available to you, of which Google App Engine, PiCloud, and Python Anywhere will be covered.