Index
In this index individual filters, converters, etc. are entered by their initialism, i.e., BPF (bandpass filter).
A
absolute value circuit
583AC excited transducers
241AC integrator
563AC loads
316active filter design
all pass filters
412–419bandpass filters
396–407band rejection filters
407–412capacitor selection
422–425component values
425filter circuit biasing
419–422filter coefficient tables
428–437high pass filters
388–395introduction
365–366low pass filters
376–388op amp selection
425–427quality factor Q
374–376AC to DC converter circuit
585actuator, analog interface to DAC
524–529ADC (analog to digital converter)
characterization
247–248comparator
537error budget
236interface circuit design
ADC converter characteristics
263–264architectural decisions
265–269input signal characteristics
262–263introduction
259op amp characteristics
265power supply information
260–261system information
260selection criteria
232ADC/transducer combinations
231–236adders
25–26AGC (automatic gain control) amplifier
273AIA (analog interface amplifier)
244analog ground
484analog input drive circuits, high speed
290–293antennas
488–490antialiasing filters
283–284application errors, common with
current source
541–542DC gain
540–541decoupling capacitors
549–550fully differential amplifier
incorrect common mode range
548–549incorrect DC operating point
546–548incorrect single ended termination
544–546improper termination of unused sections
538–540introduction
533attenuation circuit
574–576augmented differentiator
566augmenting integrator
564B
Balkenberg, M. E.
80Bessel high pass filter
394–395biquad filter
161bits
232Black, Harry
1blocks, defined
68fBode analysis, feedback circuits
74–80break point
31broadband noise parameter
222–223brown noise
176burst noise
173Butterworth bandpass filter
404–407C
canonical equations
89–91capacitance
common mode input parameter
198compensating for DAC
334–335differential input parameter
198input parameter
197–198load parameter
198–199case temperature for 60 seconds
228ceramic resonator oscillator
344CFA (current feedback amplifier)
about
121application mistakes
542–544capacitor in the feedback loop
544factors influencing choice of
281inverting
126–127model
121–122newer, using
341noninverting
124–125shorted feedback resistor
542–544CFA (current feedback amplifier) analysis
compensation of CF and CG
135–136feedback resistor selection
130–133introduction
121stability analysis
127–130stability equation
122–124summary
136circuit analysis
38–42circuit noise model
179circuit theory
7coarse transducers
241colors, noise
174–176common mode error
548–549common mode input voltage condition
218common mode input voltage range parameter
218–219common mode range
513–518common mode signal
27common mode voltage
36communication systems
comparator, op amp used as
535–538compensated attenuator
113–115compensation
see alsovoltage feedback compensation
computers, analog
2constant current generator circuit
580continuous total dissipation parameter
228control system terms, defined
69converter noise
278crosstalk parameter
225crystal oscillators
341crystal resonator oscillators
344current booster
336–337current divider rule
10–11current excited circuit
237current parameters
input bias current
201–202input current range
201input noise current
202–203short circuit current duration
228current source circuit
541–542curve fitting filters
588–591D
DAC
to actuator interface
235defined
315dynamic range
509interface circuit design
524–529interfacing to loads
AC errors and parameters
330–334compensating for DAC capacitance
334–335DC errors and parameters
326–328error budget
321–326increasing buffer amplifier current and voltage
335–340introduction
315load characteristics
316selection criteria
315types of
316damping ratio
97data sheet parameters
capacitance
common mode input capacitance
198differential input capacitance
198input capacitance
197–198load capacitance
198–199common mode rejection ratio (CMRR)
199–200crosstalk
225current
input bias current
201–202input current range
201input noise current
202–203output current
203short circuit current duration
228supply current
201dissipation
228frequency condition
200gain error
193gain margin
193–194impedance
225–226input bias current
201–202input offset voltage
220–221introduction
189–192noise
broadband noise
222–223equivalent input noise voltage
222harmonic distortion, total
213harmonic distortion, total + noise
213–215input noise current
202–203total harmonic distortion plus noise
213–215null resistance condition
210phase margin
227power dissipation
204power supply rejection ratio
204–205resistance
input resistance
208–209input resistance differential
209load resistance condition
209output resistance
210signal source condition
210slew rate
210–212supply rejection ratio
204temperature
case temperature for 60 seconds
228coefficient of input offset voltage
193coefficient of the input offset current
192–193lead temperature for 10 or 60 seconds
229maximum junction temperature
216operating free air temperature condition
212–213storage temperature
217voltage
amplification gain condition
195common mode input voltage condition
218common mode input voltage range
218–219differential input
219differential input voltage range
219–220differential large signal voltage amplification
195–196equivalent input noise voltage
222high level output voltage
223input offset voltage
220–221input offset voltage long term drift
229input voltage
220input voltage condition
220input voltage condition, common mode
218input voltage range condition
218input voltage range condition or parameter
218large signal voltage amplification gain condition
195low level output voltage
223open loop voltage gain
194–195output voltage swing, maximum peak to peak
223–224output voltage swing, peak to peak
225step voltage peak to peak condition
225supply voltage condition
217–218supply voltage sensitivity
199turn off/turn on
220DC application error budget
322–323DC biasing techniques
419–427DC gain
540–541DC loads
316DC offsets
339–340DC operating point
546–548decoupling PCB
495–498Deliyannis filter
455–457differential gain
87differential input resistance parameter
209differential input voltage range
219–220differential integrator
562–563differential large signal voltage amplification parameter
195–196differential nonlinearity error
328differential phase error parameter
227digital circuitry
495–496digital ground
484double integrator
562double pole filter
158drift, minimizing
88DSP (digital signal processor)
274dual supply amplifier, single supply vs.
35–37dual supply amplifier packages
500E
ENOB (effective number of bits)
331equivalent input noise voltage parameter
222error correction
474error terms
511texternal VREF circuits for ADCs/DACs
287–290F
Fairchild, μA709
4fall time parameter
213Faraday cage
499feedback capacitance
134–135feedback filter
158–160feedback networks, complex
28–30feedback resistor selection
130–133feedback resistor shorted
542–544feedback system analysis
block diagram math and manipulations
68–72feedback equation and stability
72–74graphical techniques
74–80historically
2second order equation and ringing/overshoot predictions
83–85feedback theory, purpose of studying
67filter, defined
365filter circuit biasing
419–422filter circuits
156–161filter design for beginners
453–472flicker noise
172–173Fliege notch filter
463flux residue
495forward transmission S21
305–306frequency condition
200FSV
233full wave rectifier circuit
585fully differential amplifier
application mistakes
544–546basics
147–148filter circuits
156–161gain stages
149–150incorrect common mode range
548–549incorrect DC operating point
546–548incorrect single ended termination
544–546instrumentation amplifier
155introduction
147second output of
148–149single ended conversion
150–151terminated inputs calculator, online
151–152VOCM pin
153–155G
gain error
327–328gain margin
193–194gain parameters
gain bandwidth product parameter
200gain margin parameter
193–194large signal voltage amplification gain condition
195open loop voltage gain
194–195George A. Philbrick Research
3grounding consideration in PCB design
480–484GSM receiver (global system for mobile communications)
273H
Hall effect sensors
242harmonic distortion
324–325harmonic distortion parameters
213–215harmonics, intermodulation
310–311high gain control systems
80high level output voltage condition or parameter
223high speed analog input drive circuits
290–293I
ideal feedback equation
90image plane effect
479impedance, VFAs vs. CFAs
144–145input bias current parameter
201–202input capacitance and stability
133input current range parameter
201input noise current parameter
202–203input offset current parameter
202input offset voltage long term drift parameter
229input offset voltage parameter
220–221input voltage condition
220input voltage range condition or parameter
218instability effect
2intermodulation distortion
332intermodulation harmonics
310–311interpolating filter
285inverted voltage reference circuit
581inverting amplifier
24–25, 93–95circuit analysis
38–42circuit noise model
180–182gain and offset matrix
61RF
298inverting current feedback amplifier
126–127K
Kirchoff's voltage law
8L
LC (inductance/capacitance) circuits
341lead temperature for 10 or 60 seconds
229load capacitance condition
198–199load resistance condition
209loop antenna
489loop gain plots
80–83low level output voltage condition or parameter
223low pass filter optimizations
Bessel low pass filter
372–373Butterworth low pass filter
371Tschebyscheff low pass filter
371–372low voltage amplifier circuit design
DAC to actuator analog interface
524–529dynamic range
509–511input common mode range
513–518introduction
507–509output voltage swing
518–519shutdown and low current drain
519–521signal to noise ratio
512–513single supply
521transducer to ADC analog interface
521–523LRC filters
365LSB (least significant bit)
232M
magnetic fields, sensing
242measured variable
231MFB (multiple feedback bandpass) topology
bandpass filters
400–401high pass filters
393–394low pass filters
384–385modified Deliyannis vs.
458–459Miller effect
98mixer circuit
272μA709
4μA741
5multiloop feedback systems
69multiple feedback filter
158–160N
National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)
475negative output
148noise
colors
174–176defined
165excess
173isolation
499op amp
176–183rms vs. P-P
163–165types of
167–174units
166–167noise corner frequency
176–183noise energy
163noise floor
165noise parameters
broadband noise
222–223equivalent input noise voltage
222input noise current
202–203total harmonic distortion plus noise (THD+N)
213–215noise reduction
104nonideal equations, development of
87–96noninverting amplifier
23–24, 91–93circuit analysis
41circuit noise model
182gain and offset matrix
61RF
298noninverting current feedback amplifier
124–125nonlinearity error
329–330Norton's theorem
12notch filter
578–579null resistance condition
210O
offset error
326–327Ohm's law
81/f noise
172op amp gain
87op amps
compensated attenuator applied to
113–115differential vs. single ended
3error sources
87functions of
5operated at less than unity
533–535packages
499–503parameters comparison
529–531self-destructive
24single ended
147summary
531–532open loop gain
87operating free air temperature condition
212–213optical transducers
240output current condition, low level
203output impedance parameter
225–226output resistance parameter
210oversampling
277overshoot/ringing predictions
83–85P
parameters
PCB (printed circuit board) design
basics
473–475decoupling
495–498error correction
474example
483grounding
480–484input and output isolation
499mechanical characteristics
475–480packages
499–503passive component selection
484–495summary
504–505peak follower circuit
583peak to peak output voltage swing condition or parameter
225performance, external compensation and
104phase linearity, RF design
307–308phase margin
97phase margin parameter
227phototransistor
240photovoltaic cell circuit
241physics, laws of
8–9pink noise
175–176pole
76pole compensation
pole/zero combination
76positive output
148potentiometer
237power dissipation parameter
204power supply sensitivity
330P-P vs. rrms noise
163–165precision rectifier circuit
584R
R/2R DAC
318–320radio noise
278RC circuits
341RC low pass filter
366reactance
31receiver noise
278reconstruction filter
284–287red/brown noise
176reference voltage characterization
244–245reflections
490–491relative stability, defined
97relaxation oscillators
341resistor ladder DAC
316resistors
485resolvers
241resonators
344return loss
304–305reverse transmission S12
307RF amplifiers
297–301RF design
-1 db compression point
309–310advantages
296amplifier gain
302application error budget
326conclusions
314disadvantages
296frequency response peaking
309introduction
295noise figure
312–313phase linearity
307–308scattering parameters
302–307two tone, third order intermodulation intercept
310–311voltage vs. current feedback
296–297RF gain
302RF stage performance
302–307ringing/overshoot predictions
83–85rise time parameter
216rms vs. P-P noise
163–165RRIO op amp shutdown feature
532RTDs
237S
saturated transistor circuit
17–18scattering parameters, RF design
302–307second order equation and ringing/overshoot predictions
83–85semiconductor junctions
242short circuit current duration
228short circuit output current parameter
203sigma delta DAC
320–321signal chain design
65signal source condition
210simulated inductor
576–578SINAD ratio
330sine wave oscillators
active element impact on
345–348analysis of the operation
348–349characterization
341–342circuits, types of
349–358gain in
345phase shift in
343–345requirements for oscillation
342–343single amplifier phase shift oscillator
356–357single-ended termination
544–546single pole filters
157single supply amplifier design
application mistakes
544–546circuit analysis
38–42DC offsets and
339–340gain and offset matrix
61incorrect single ended termination
544–546inverting attenuation
63noninverting attenuator
62signal chain design
65simultaneous equation case forms
42–58summary
58–59single supply amplifier packages
500single supply circuits
absolute value
583AC integrator
563AC to DC converter
585attenuation circuit
574–576augmented differentiator
566augmenting integrator
564bandpass filter (BPF)
578–579bubba oscillator
572–573buffered phase shift oscillator
571–572classical phase shift oscillator
570–571constant current generator
580curve fitting filters
588–591differential integrator
562–563double integrator
562full wave rectifier
585inverted voltage reference
581inverting integrator
554–555with drift compensation
557with electronic reset
558–559with input current compensation
555–556with mechanical reset
557–558with resistive reset
559–560notch filter
578–579peak follower
583power booster
582–583precision rectifier
584quadrature oscillator
569–570simulated inductor
576–578T network in the feedback loop
553–554tone control
586–587triangle oscillator
573–574twin T filter
578–579sinusoidal oscillators
341slew rate parameter
210–212solar cell circuit
241spurious free dynamic range
331–332stability
compensation and
88external compensation and
104feedback capacitance and
134–135feedback equation and
72–74feedback resistor selection for
130–133input capacitance and
133internal compensation and
98loop gain plots for understanding
80–83relative
97VFAs vs. CFAs
143–144step voltage peak to peak condition
225storage temperature parameter
217summing points
69superposition
15–16supply rejection ratio parameter
204supply voltage condition
217–218supply voltage sensitivity
199synchros
241T
temperature parameters
case temperature for 60 seconds
228lead temperature for 10 or 60 seconds
229maximum junction temperature
216maximum junction temperature parameter
216operating free air temperature condition
212–213storage temperature
217termination, improper
538–540thermistors
237thermocouples
242Thevenin's theorem
11–15through hole amplifier
502–503TL07X
100TLV277X
102tone control circuit
586–587traces in PCB design
488–490trace to plane capacitors
491–493trace to trace capacitors and inductors
493–494transducer/ADC combinations
231–236transducer measurement system
ADC characterization in
247–248amplifier circuit design
249–256design procedure
243–244introduction
231–236op amp selection in
248reference voltage characterization
244–245summary
257system specifications review
244testing
256transducer characterization in
245–247transducer measurement system design specifications
guaranteed but not tested (GNT)
235guaranteed by design (GBD)
235guaranteed minimum/maximum
235typical, reasons to not use
235transducer resistance
237transistor amplifier
18–20transistor circuits, saturated
17–18transistor era
4transistors, options to
295triangle oscillator
573–574turn off time parameter
213turn off voltage parameter
220turn on time parameter
213turn on voltage parameter
220two pole circuit
83two slope transfer function
81V
vacuum tube era
3–4via
494–495voltage amplification gain condition, large signal
195voltage booster
337–339voltage divider circuit
237voltage feedback compensation
comparison of schemes
118–119compensated attenuator applied
113–115conclusions
119dominant pole
105–108external, stability, and performance
104gain
108–109internal
98–104introduction
97–98lead
110–113lead/lag
116–117voltage parameters
common mode input voltage condition
218common mode input voltage range
218–219differential input
219differential input voltage range
219–220differential large signal voltage amplification
195–196equivalent input noise voltage
222high level output voltage
223input offset voltage
220–221input offset voltage long term drift
229input voltage condition
220input voltage range condition or parameter
218large signal voltage amplification gain condition
195low level output voltage
223open loop voltage gain
194–195step voltage peak to peak condition
225supply voltage condition
217–218supply voltage sensitivity
199turn off voltage (shutdown)
220turn on voltage (shutdown)
220voltage rails
310VREF circuits (external) for ADCs/DACs
287–290VSWR (voltage standing wave ratio) S11 and S22
303W
W-CDMA transmit chain
274weighted resistor DAC
317–318whip antenna
488white noise
175wideband amplifier
281Widler, Robert J.
4Wien-Robinson filter
411–412wire junctions
242wireless communication systems
Z
zero
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