Endnotes

  1. 1. D. Gage, “Software for the Blue-Collar Workforce,” Wall Street Journal Online, March 9, 2018.

  2. 2. K. Angel, “The Soft Edge That’s Landing Solid Sales,” Bloomberg Businessweek, August 28, 2017, pp. 39–40.

  3. 3. J. Chun, “To Tell the Truth,” Entrepreneur, April 1998, pp. 106–113; and D. Kansas, “Don’t Believe It,” Wall Street Journal, October 15, 1993, p. R8.

  4. 4. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Glossary,” www.bls.gov, accessed March 26, 2018.

  5. 5. S. Narayanan, “How Can a Fintech Company Win 20 Million Customers?” Stratey+Business Online, March 14, 2018.

  6. 6. “The World’s 50 Most Innovative Companies,” Fast Company, March 2018, p. 86.

  7. 7. R. D. Hisrich and M. P. Peters, Entrepreneurship (Boston, MA: Irwin McGraw-Hill, 1998), p. 7.

  8. 8. J. Cunningham and J. Lescheron, “Defining Entrepreneurship,” Journal of Small Business Management, January 1991, pp. 45–61.

  9. 9. “The Third Millennium: Small Business and Entrepreneurship in the Twenty-First Century,” Office of Advocacy, U.S. Small Business Administration, www.sba.gov.

  10. 10. 2017 The Kauffman Index of Startup Activity, Kauffman Foundation, www.kauffman.org/kauffman-index.

  11. 11. M. J. Kravis, “The Great Productivity Slowdown,” Wall Street Journal, May 5, 2017, p. A15.

  12. 12. R. J. Dilger, “Small Business Administration and Job Creation,” Congressional Research Service, fas.org, February 2, 2018.

  13. 13. Global Report, 2017/18, Global Entrepreneurship Research Association, www.gemconsortium.org/report, 2018.

  14. 14. W. Royal, “Real Expectations,” Industry Week, September 4, 2000, pp. 31–34.

  15. 15. D. Bornstein, “Recycling Unused Medicines to Save Money and Lives,” New York Times Online, March 20, 2015.

  16. 16. C. Sundlund, “Trust Is a Must,” Entrepreneur, October 2002, pp. 70–75.

  17. 17. B. I. Koerner, “Cereal in the Bowl, Not on the Floor,” New York Times online, June 18, 2006.

  18. 18. G. B. Knight, “How Wall Street Whiz Found a Niche Selling Books on the Internet,” Wall Street Journal, May 15, 1996, pp. A1+.

  19. 19. N. F. Krueger Jr., “The Cognitive Infrastructure of Opportunity Emergence,” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Spring 2000, p. 6.

  20. 20. D. P. Forbes, “Managerial Determinants of Decision Speed in New Ventures,” Strategic Management Journal, April 2005, pp. 355–366.

  21. 21. M. Penn, “Small Trends Can Be Big,” Wall Street Journal, March 17–18, 2018, p. C4.

  22. 22. P. Drucker, Innovation and Entrepreneurship (New York: Harper & Row, 1985).

  23. 23. P. Reikofski, “Where ‘Aha’ Comes From,” Wall Street Journal, April 29, 2013, p. R2.

  24. 24. S. Greco, “The Start-Up Years,” Inc.500, October 21, 1997, p. 57.

  25. 25. F. J. Greene and C. Hopp, “Are Formal Planners More Likely to Achieve New Venture Viability? A Counterfactual Model and Analysis,” Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 2017, cited in Harvard Business Review, November–December 2017, p. 26.

  26. 26. C. Forrest, “How to Structure Your Startup as the Company Grows,” Tech Republic Online, www.techrepublic.com, September 22, 2015.

  27. 27. H. Haddon, “Startups Serve Leftover Food to Market,” Wall Street Journal, November 10, 2017, p. B4.

  28. 28. B. Paynter, “Made to Order,” FastCompany.com, April 2017, p. 42.

  29. 29. S. Melendez, “Inside the Surprisingly High-Tech World of Corn Mazes,” FastCompany online, December 1, 2017.

  30. 30. E. Segrano, “It Only Took 5,000 Years, But the Flip-Flop Is Finally Getting Smarter,” FastCompany online, March 28, 2017.

  31. 31. V. Walt, “A Very Grubby Business,” Fortune, April 1, 2018, pp. 27–29.

  32. 32. A. Zhu, “Springfield’s StepNpull’s Newest Customer is NASA,” Springfield, Missouri News-Leader, April 1, 2018, p. 4A.

  33. 33. S. Mariker, “Disrupting DeBeers,” Fortune, April 1, 2018, pp. 15–16.

  34. 34. “The Boston Globe Names PR Agency Matter Communications A Top Place to Work for 2015,” BusinessWire Online, www.businesswire.com, November 16, 2015.

  35. 35. A. Levoie, “The Top Thing Employees Want from Their Bosses, and It’s Not a Promotion,” Entrepreneur Online, March 31, 2015.

  36. 36. S. Herrera, “People Power,” Forbes, November 2, 1998, p. 212.

  37. 37. P. Rudegeair and R. Copeland, “Startup’s Founder Is Accused of Fraud,” Wall Street Journal, April 3, 2018, p. B10.

  38. 38. J. Carreyrou, “Theranos and CEO Punished in Fraud,” Wall Street Journal, March 15, 2018, pp. A1+.

  39. 39. T. Siegel Bernard, “Scooter’s Popularity Offers a Chance for Growth,” Wall Street Journal, September 20, 2005, p. B3.

  40. 40. Based on A. Duckworth, C. Peterson, M. Matthews, and D. Kelley, “Grit: Perseverance and Passion for Long-Term Goals,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 92, no. 6 (2007), pp. 1087–1101; J. Stillworth, “You Can Train Yourself to Have More Grit,” Inc. online, September 26, 2014; F. Hoque, “How Entrepreneurs Can Develop Grit: The Most Important Trait of Successful People,” Business Insider Online, October 8, 2014; and P. Campbell, “How to Get True Grit,” The Huffington Post Online, February 16, 2013.

  41. 41. D. McMahan, “EDWINS in Cleveland Is Teaching Former Inmates How to Run a Restaurant,” Esquire online, March 2, 2018; J. Crea, “Cleveland’s Edwins Restaurant Founder Named a CNN Hero for 2016,” The Cleveland Plain Dealer online, March 18, 2016; P. Morris, “Edwins Restaurant Is Saving Lives, One Plate At a Time,” The Cleveland Plain Dealer online, January 31, 2016; R. Liber, “Restaurant Report: Edwins Leadership and Restaurant Institute in Cleveland,” New York Times Online, July 2, 2015; J. Schmitt, “Ex-Offenders and the Labor Market,” Center for Economic and Policy Research, www.cepr.net, November 2010; J. Crea, “Edwins Restaurant Grabs Former Grotto Spot in Shaker Square Restaurant Row,” The Cleveland Plain Dealer online, July 10, 2013; and www.edwinsrestaurant.org.

  42. 42. S. Price, “As Entrepreneurship Thrives, Women Are Starting More Innovative Businesses Than Men,” Forbes Online, November 15, 2017.

  43. 43. Ibid.

  44. 44. K. Gee, “Are Female Founders Prone to Failure? Study Shows ‘Implicit’ Stereotype Fuels Funding Gap,” Wall Street Journal Online, July 11, 2017.

  45. 45. D. Kanze, L. Huang, M. A. Conley, and E. Tory Higgins, “Male and Female Entrepreneurs Get Asked Different Questions by VCs—and It Affects How Much Funding They Get,” Harvard Business Review Online, June 27, 2017.

  46. 46. K. Weisul, “How Neil Blumenthal Took the Risk Out of Warby Parker,” http://www.inc.com/kimberly-weisul/how-warby-parker-took-the-risk-out-of-its-business.html, May 28, 2015; and M. Chafkin, “Warby Parker Sees the Future of Retail,” http://www.fastcompany.com/3041334/most-innovative-companies-2015/-warby-parker-sees-the-future-of-retail, February 17, 2015.

  47. 47. M. Diebel, “A Visionary Approach to Selling Eyewear,” USA Today, December 1, 2014, p. 3B.

  48. 48. Chafkin, “Warby Parker Sees the Future of Retail.”

  49. 49. “Warby Parker, “A New, At-Home Vision Test Is a Feat for the Eyes,” FastCompany, September 2017, p. 18.

  50. 50. Chafkin, “Warby Parker Sees the Future of Retail”; and Diebel, “A Visionary Approach to Selling Eyewear.”

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