Papa John’s, 136

parochialism, 71

participative decision making, entrepreneurs, 217

participative leadership, 418

path-goal leadership theory, 419–420

• model, 419e

pay-for-performance programs, 397

PayPal, 300, 352

Pella Corporation, 502

Penske Truck Leasing, 249

PepsiCo, 287, 322, 427

perceived culture, 49

perception

• attribution theory and, 356–357, 357e

• entrepreneurs and, 206

• factors influencing, 355–356

• innovation and, 179

• selective, 357

performance. See also job performance

• comparing to planned goals, 478–479

• control of, 484

• measurement, 478–479

• range of variation, 478

performance orientation, 73

performance-simulation tests, 276

performing stage of group development, 314

persistence, motivation and, 379

personal appearance, 305, 358, 364

personalities, entrepreneurs, 215–216

personality

• Big Five model, 350

• cultural differences and, 354

• emotional intelligence and, 349–351, 368

• explanation of, 348–349

• managerial efficiency and understanding, 354–355

• matching jobs to, 353, 353e

• Myers-Briggs Type Indicator of, 349

• predicting work-related behaviors and, 351–352

• proactive, 216, 426, 510

• type A, 176

• type B, 176

PERT charts, 515e

PERT network analysis, 514–517

Pfizer, 260, 507

PfizerWorks, 260–261

physical exercise, stress management, 188

Pizza Hut, 396

Plank, Kevin, 190–191

planning, 9, 133. See also strategic management

• approaches to, 148–149

• benefits of, 133

• contingency factors in, 148

• decision making and, 99, 99e

• directional, 148

• in dynamic environments, 151

• environmental scanning and, 152–153

• formal, 133, 149

• goal setting and, 144–147, 145e

• long-term, 148

• managerial level, 148, 149e

• short-term, 148

• single-use, 148

• specificity, 148

• standing, 148

• strategic, 135–136, 147, 158–159

• tactical, 147

planning tool, budget analysis, 483

plans

• business, 209–210

• development of, 148–149

• process to develop, 148–149

• types of, 148e 146-147, 147e, 147–148

policies, 104

political skills, 11

• for managers, 23–24

• steps to develop, 23–24

Popchips, 254

population trends, 44–45

Porsche, 144

Porter, M. E., 140

portfolio entrepreneurs, 200

position power, 415

positive reinforcement, 361, 366

power, 236–237

• versus authority, 236–238, 237e

• authority, 257

• charismatic, 257

• coercive, 256

• expert, 257

• information, 257

• need for, motivation and, 383

• referent, 257

• reward, 256

• skills to gain, 256–257

• types, 238, 238e

• value chain management and, 504–505

power distance, 72, 73, 109–110

Price, Dan, 401

PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC), 473, 496

principles of management, 31, 36. See also specific principles

Principles of Scientific Management (Taylor), 7

privacy

• control issues and, 487

• data analytics and, 79

proactive personalities, 216, 426, 510

problem-solving teams, 322

problems, 93. See also decision making; decision-making process; decisions

• decision making, organizational level and, 105

• structured, 103–104

• unstructured, 103

procedures, 104

process consultation, 172

process departmentalization, 233e, 234

process production, 243

product departmentalization, 233, 233e

production

• mass, 243

• process, 243

• unit, 243

productivity

• job satisfaction and, 348

• operations management and, 501–502

• organizational behavior and, 344

• trends in, 42

• work specialization and, 232

professionalism, 305

• boundaryless career, 307

• career management, 308

• career success, 307

• exhibiting, 306–307

• interpersonal skills, 308

• market opportunities, 307–308

• mentorships, 308

• networking, 308

• personal strengths/weaknesses, 307

• visibility, 308

professionals, methods to motivate, 394

profit margin on revenues ratio, 125

programmed decisions, 103

project management. See also operations management

• Gantt charts, 513, 513e

• load charts, 514, 514e

• PERT network analysis, 514–517

• slack time, 516

projects, 513

Publix Super Markets, 15

punishment, 55, 80, 251, 361, 366

purple squirrel, 301

PurposeEnergy, 204