Welcome to the fascinating world of organization structure and design in the twenty-first century! At the Wall Street Journal, a broad editorial reorganization created a new leadership structure with the goal of transforming the newspaper into a mobile-first news operation.1 Many of the big fashion houses are hiring environmental experts and strengthening the role of their sustainability departments in response to socially conscious young consumers.2 These are examples of organizing in action. In this chapter, we present the basics of the organizing function of management. We define the concepts and their key components and how managers use these to create a structured environment in which organizational members can do their work efficiently and effectively. Once the organization’s goals, plans, and strategies are in place, managers must develop a structure that facilitates the attainment of those goals and provides a way for people to work best.