Endnotes

  1. 1. “A Transforming World,” Report by Merrill Lynch Wealth Management, http://www.ml.com/publish/content/application/pdf/GWMOL/AR9D50CF-MLWM.pdf, May 2014.

  2. 2. C. Matlack, “The Growing Peril of a Connected World,” Bloomberg Businessweek, December 6–12, 2010, pp. 63–64.

  3. 3. S. Russolillo, “Countries Urged to Weigh Issuing Digital Currencies,” Wall Street Journal, September 19, 2017, p. B6.

  4. 4. A. Tangel, H. Torry, and H. Haddon, “Inflation Creeps Into U.S. Supply Chain,” Wall Street Journal, February 10-11, 2018, pp. B1–B2.

  5. 5. E. Sylvers and T. Fairless, “Zombie Companies Haunt Europe’s Economic Recovery,” Wall Street Journal, November 16, 2017, pp. A1+.

  6. 6. G. Ip, “Sluggish Productivity Hampers Wage Gains,” Wall Street Journal, March 7–8, 2015, pp. A1+; R. Miller, “How Productive Is the U.S.?” Bloomberg Businessweek, March 2, 2015, pp. 16–17; and “Global Productivity Slowdown Moderated in 2013—2014 May See Better Performance,” The Conference Board, https://www.conference-board.org/pdf_free/economics/TED3.pdf, 2014.

  7. 7. Latest Quarterly Trade Trends, World Trade Organization, https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/daily_update_e/latest_trade_trends_e.pdf, January 25, 2018.

  8. 8. “The Employment Situation—January 2018, https://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/empsit.pdf.

  9. 9. B. Casselman, “After 7 Years of Job Growth, Room for More, or Danger Ahead?” New York Times Online, December 8, 2017.

  10. 10. P. Cohen, “Steady Jobs, but With Pay and Hours That Are Anything But,” New York Times Online, May 31, 2017.

  11. 11. P. Davidson, “Firms Go with Part-Timers to Get around Health Law,” USA Today, December 31, 2014, p. 3B.

  12. 12. S. Smith, “Most Think the ‘American Dream’ Is within Reach for Them,” Pew Research Center, http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/10/31/most-think-the-american-dream-is-within-reach-for-them/, October 31, 2017.

  13. 13. E. Pfanner, “Economic Troubles Cited as the Top Risks in 2012,” New York Times Online, January 11, 2012; and E. Pfanner, “Divining the Business and Political Risks of 2012,” New York Times Online, January 11, 2012.

  14. 14. C. Hausman, “Americans See Inequality as a Major Problem,” Ethics Newsline, www.globalethics.org/news-line, April 9, 2012.

  15. 15. E. Porter, “Inequality Undermines Democracy,” New York Times Online, March 20, 2012.

  16. 16. T. Meelen and K. Frenken, “Stop Saying Uber Is Part of the Sharing Economy,” http://www.fastcoexist.com/3040863/stop-saying-uber-is-part-of-the-sharing-economy, January 14, 2015; and “The Rise of the Sharing Economy,” The Economist, http://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21573104-internet-everything-hire-rise-sharing-economys, March 9, 2013.

  17. 17. A. Rinne, “What Exactly Is the Sharing Economy?” World Economic Forum, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/12/when-is-sharing-not-really-sharing/, December 13, 2017.

  18. 18. G. M. Eckhardt and F. Bardhi, “The Sharing Economy Isn’t about Sharing at All,” Harvard Business Review, https://hbr.org/2015/01/the-sharing-economy-isnt-about-sharing-at-all, January 28, 2015.

  19. 19. P. Coy, “If Demography Is Destiny, Then India Has the Edge,” Bloomberg Businessweek, January 17–23, 2011, pp. 9–10.

  20. 20. S. Brownstone, “Millennials Will Become the Majority in the Workforce in 2015. Is Your Company Ready?” http://www.fastcoexist.com/3037823/millennials-will-become-the-majority-in-the-workforce-in-2015-is-your-company-ready, November 4, 2014.

  21. 21. J. Villa, “How Hispanic Gen Z Will Change Everything,” www.media.post, March 4, 2015.

  22. 22. R. Bernstein, “Move over Millennials—Here Comes Gen Z,” Ad Age, http://adage.com/article/cmo-strategy/move-millennials-gen-z/296577/, January 21, 2015.

  23. 23. R. Friedrich, M. Peterson, and A. Koster, “The Rise of Generation C,” Strategy+Business, Spring 2011, pp. 1–8.

  24. 24. S. Cardwell, “Where Do Babies Come From?” Newsweek, October 19, 2009, p. 56.

  25. 25. N. Mandhana, “India Confronts Demographic Bulge,” Wall Street Journal, January 23, 2018, p. R10.

  26. 26. Y. Hori, J-P. Lehmann, T. Ma Kam Wah, and V. Wang, “Facing up to the Demographic Dilemma,” Strategy+Business Online, Spring 2010; and E. E. Gordon, “Job Meltdown or Talent Crunch?” Training, January 2010, p. 10.

  27. 27. M. Chand and R. L. Tung, “The Aging of the World’s Population and Its Effects on Global Business,” Academy of Management Perspectives, November 2014, pp. 409–29.

  28. 28. Catalyst. Catalyst Quick Take: Generations in the Workplace (New York: Catalyst, July 20, 2017).

  29. 29. M. Kanellos, “152,000 Smart Devices Every Minute In 2025: IDC Outlines the Future of Smart Things,” Forbes Online, https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelkanellos/2016/03/03/152000-smart-devices-every-minute-in-2025-idc-outlines-the-future-of-smart-things/#42c729144b63, March 3, 2016.

  30. 30. J. Queenan, “The Disney Empire Plans to Strike Back,” Wall Street Journal, November 11-12, 2017, p. C11; and E. Schwartzel, “Disney’s Force Awakens against Local Movie Theaters,” Wall Street Journal, November 2, 2017, p. A1, A4.

  31. 31. J. S. Harrison and C. H. St. John, “Managing and Partnering with External Stakeholders,” Academy of Management Executive, May 1996, pp. 46–60.

  32. 32. J. Swartz, “Facebook Changes Its Status in Washington,” USA Today, January 13, 2011, pp. 1B+.

  33. 33. S. L. Berman, R. A. Phillips, and A. C. Wicks, “Resource Dependence, Managerial Discretion, and Stakeholder Performance,” Academy of Management Proceedings Best Conference Paper, August 2005; A. J. Hillman and G. D. Keim, “Shareholder Value, Stakeholder Management, and Social Issues: What’s the Bottom Line?” Strategic Management Journal, March 2001, pp. 125–39; J. S. Harrison and R. E. Freeman, “Stakeholders, Social Responsibility, and Performance: Empirical Evidence and Theoretical Perspectives,” Academy of Management Journal, July 1999, pp. 479–87; and J. Kotter and J. Heskett, Corporate Culture and Performance (New York: The Free Press, 1992).

  34. 34. J. A. Chatman and K. A. Jehn, “Assessing the Relationship between Industry Characteristics and Organizational Culture: How Different Can You Be?” Academy of Management Journal, June 1994, pp. 522–53; and C. A. O’Reilly III, J. Chatman, and D. F. Caldwell, “People and Organizational Culture: A Profile Comparison Approach to Assessing Person-Organization Fit,” Academy of Management Journal, September 1991, pp. 487–516.

  35. 35. T. Lytle, “Social Work,” HR Magazine, August 2014, pp. 40–42.

  36. 36. A. Bryant, “On a Busy Road, a Company Needs Guardrails, an interview with Christopher J. Nassetta, president and chief executive of Hilton Worldwide,” New York Times Online, October 13, 2012.

  37. 37. E. H. Schein, Organizational Culture and Leadership (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1985), pp. 314–15.

  38. 38. “Executive Views on Organizational Culture,” T&D, November 2014, p. 19.

  39. 39. C. Palmeri, “The Fastest Drill in the West,” BusinessWeek, October 24, 2005, pp. 86–88.

  40. 40. C. Kenkel and S. Sorenson, “How Winegardner & Hammons Built a Winning Culture,” Gallup Business Journal, http://www.gallup.com/businessjournal/175394/winegardner-hammons-built-winning-workplace-culture.aspx, September 18, 2014.

  41. 41. Based on J. McGregor, “Customer Service Champs,” BusinessWeek, March 3, 2008, pp. 37–57; B. Schneider, M. G. Ehrhart, D. M. Mayer, J. L. Saltz, and K. Niles-Jolly, “Understanding Organization-Customer Links in Service Settings,” Academy of Management Journal, December 2006, pp. 1017–32; B. A. Gutek, M. Groth, and B. Cherry, “Achieving Service Success through Relationships and Enhanced Encounters,” Academy of Management Executive, November 2002, pp. 132–44; K. A. Eddleston, D. L. Kidder, and B. E. Litzky, “Who’s the Boss? Contending with Competing Expectations from Customers and Management,” Academy of Management Executive, November 2002, pp. 85–95; S. D. Pugh, J. Dietz, J. W. Wiley, and S. M. Brooks, “Driving Service Effectiveness through Employee-Customer Linkages,” Academy of Management Executive, November 2002, pp. 73–84; L. A. Bettencourt, K. P. Gwinner, and M. L. Mueter, “A Comparison of Attitude, Personality, and Knowledge Predictors of Service-Oriented Organizational Citizenship Behaviors,” Journal of Applied Psychology, February 2001, pp. 29–41; M. D. Hartline, J. G. Maxham III, and D. O. McKee, “Corridors of Influence in the Dissemination of Customer-Oriented Strategy to Customer Contact Service Employees,” Journal of Marketing, April 2000, pp. 35–50; L. Lengnick-Hall and C. A. Lengnick-Hall, “Expanding Customer Orientation in the HR Function,” Human Resource Management, Fall 1999, pp. 201–14; M. D. Hartline and O. C. Ferrell, “The Management of Customer-Contact Service Employees: An Empirical Investigation,” Journal of Marketing, October 1996, pp. 52–70; and M. J. Bitner, B. H. Booms, and L. A. Mohr, “Critical Service Encounters: The Employee’s Viewpoint,” Journal of Marketing, October 1994, pp. 95–106.

  42. 42. J. Yang and R. W. Ahrens, “Culture Spurs Innovation,” USA Today, February 25, 2008, p. 1B.

  43. 43. Accenture, “Corporate Innovation Is within Reach: Nurturing and Enabling an Entrepreneurial Culture,” www.accenture.com, 2013.

  44. 44. J. Cable, “Building An Innovative Culture,” Industry Week, March 2010, pp. 32-37; M. Hawkins, “Create a Climate of Creativity,” Training, January 2010, p. 12; and L. Simpson, “Fostering Creativity,” Training, December 2001, p. 56.

  45. 45. M. Laff, “Triple Bottom Line,” T&D 63 (February 2009), pp. 34–39.

  46. 46. M. Kaptein, “Developing and Testing a Measure for the Ethical Culture of Organizations: The Corporate Ethical Virtues Model,” Journal of Business Ethics 29 (2008), pp. 923–47.

  47. 47. M. Feffer, “8 Tips for Creating a Learning Culture,” HR Magazine, August 2017, p. 51.

  48. 48. Based on A. L. Wilkins, “The Culture Audit: A Tool for Understanding Organizations,” Organizational Dynamics, Autumn 1983, pp. 24–38; H. M. Trice and J. M. Beyer, The Culture of Work Organizations (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1993), pp. 358–62; and D. M. Cable, L. Aiman-Smith, P. W. Mulvey, and J. R. Edwards, “The Sources and Accuracy of Job Applicants’ Beliefs about Organizational Culture,” Academy of Management Journal, December 2000, pp. 1076–85.

  49. 49. “Our Trip History,” https://www.uber.com/our-story/.

  50. 50. A. Carr, “Uber’s Driving Lessons,” Fast Company, September 2017, pp. 25–27.

  51. 51. Ibid.

  52. 52. M. della Cava, J. Guynn, and J. Swartz, “Uber in Crisis Over ‘Baller’ Culture,” USA Today/Springfield News-Leader, February 27, 2017, p. 4B.

  53. 53. E. Newcomer and B. Stone, “The Fall of Travis Kalanick,” Bloomberg Businessweek, January 22, 2015, pp. 46–51.

  54. 54. J. Muskus, Technology Section, BloombergBusinesweek, January 15, 2018, pp. 22–24.

  55. 55. M. Isaac, “Uber Engaged in ‘Illegal’ Spying on Rivals, Ex-Employee Says,” New York Times Online, December 15, 2017.

  56. 56. G. Bensinger and R. McMillan, “Security Shake-Up at Uber,” Wall Street Journal, December 4, 2017, p. B4.

  57. 57. D. MacMillan and N. Purnell, “Uber Knowingly Leased Unsafe Cars to Drivers,” Wall Street Journal, August 4, 2017, pp. A1+.

  58. 58. G. Bensinger and M. Farrell, “Uber’s Backers Force Out Leader,” June 22, 2017, pp. A1+.

  59. 59. Newcomer and Stone, “The Fall of Travis Kalanick,” p. 51.

  60. 60. North American Box Office Revenue, 1980–2017, Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/187069/north-american-box-office-gross-revenue-since-1980/.

  61. 61. National Association of Theatre Owners, “Number of U.S. Movie Screens,” http://www.natoonline.org/data/us-movie-screens/, 2017.

  62. 62. E. Schwartzel, “Comfiest Seat In the House: Struggling Movie Theaters Go Upscale to Survive,” Wall Street Journal, April 20, 2018, pp. A1+; A. Finley, “A Plan to Lure Moviegoers off the Couch,” Wall Street Journal, February 24-25, 2018, p. A11; D. Gross, “Movie Theatres Take Steps to Disrupt Themselves,” Strategy+Business Online, September 7, 2017; E. C. Baig, “Can Virtual Reality Find an Audience at the Multiplex?” USA Today, June 10, 2017, p. 4B; and B. Barnes, “To Woo Young Moviegoers, AMC Thinks More Like McDonald’s,” New York Times Online, April 9, 2017.

  63. 63. J. Sammer, “The ‘Yelping’ of Pay: Managing Expectations in the Era of Online Salary Data,” SHRM, https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/hr-topics/compensation/pages/yelping-of-pay.aspx, May 1, 2017.

  64. 64. Ibid.

  65. 65. K. Gee, “Pay Is Less Secretive in Millennial Workforce,” Wall Street Journal, October 26, 2017, pp. B1, B6.

  66. 66. T. Zenger, “The Downside of Full Pay Transparency,” Wall Street Journal, August 14, 2017, p. R6.

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