This technique is about performing a systematic and structured analysis of a problem by delving into the problem's origin and uncovering its true cause.

A root cause analysis can be used to perform a reactive analysis. A reactive analysis is when a problem occurs and a solution is needed. A root cause analysis is used to identify what caused the problem in the first place. 

On the other hand, a root cause analysis can also be applied as a preventative measure to try and identify problem areas and their causes. This way, preventative action can be taken.

Two common root cause analysis methods are as follows:

• The fishbone diagram: This diagram starts by describing the effect and then builds up categories of potential causes of the problem. This can be broken down even further into more detailed causes per category.
• The five whys method: This is about asking the question "why" numerous times based on the problem and its previous answers. This method delves deeper into the causes of the problem and provides clarity on what the causes are.